China Biggest Factory & Manufacturer supply Alpha Ketoglutaric Acid (AKG) CAS 328-50-7 CAS NO.328-50-7

α-Ketoglutaric acid

【Product name】：α-Ketoglutaric acid

【Appearance】：White crystalline powder

【CAS No】：: 328-50-7

【Molecular Formula】：C₅H₆O₅

【Molecular Weight】： 146.1

【Structural Formula】：

 

【Assay】： ≥99.0%

【Specification】：Enterprise Standard

【Main functions】：Mainly used as a component of sports nutrition, medicine, health products raw materials and food additives, Used as an intermediate for organic synthesis.

2-Ketoglutaric acid Basic information

Description References

Product Name:	2-Ketoglutaric acid
Synonyms:	2-KETOGLUTARIC ACID;2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID;2-OXOPENTANEDIOIC ACID;A-KETOGLUTARIC ACID;Glutaric acid, 2-oxo-;Glutaric acid, alpha keto;-Ketoglutaricacid;α-Ketoglutaricacid
CAS:	328-50-7
MF:	C5H6O5
MW:	146.1
EINECS:	206-330-3
Product Categories:	Nutrition;food additives;Pharmaceutical Intermediates;Aliphatics;Organic acids;pharm raw material;Amino Acids;Food Additives
Mol File:	328-50-7.mol

2-Ketoglutaric acid Chemical Properties

Melting point	113-115 °C
Boiling point	185.67°C (rough estimate)
density	1.2821 (rough estimate)
FEMA	3891 | 2-OXOPENTANEDIOIC ACID
refractive index	1.3920 (estimate)
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	H2O: soluble0.1g/mL, clear, colorless
form	Crystalline Powder
pka	2.47(at 25℃)
color	White to slightly yellow
Odor	Odorless
PH	3.09(1 mM solution);2.36(10 mM solution);1.77(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility	Soluble in water, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Merck	14,5303
JECFA Number	634
BRN	1705689
InChIKey	KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference	328-50-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	2-Oxopentanedioic acid(328-50-7)
EPA Substance Registry System	Pentanedioic acid, 2-oxo- (328-50-7)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes	Xi,T
Risk Statements	37/38-41-36/37/38-23/24/25
Safety Statements	26-39-45-36/37/39
WGK Germany	3
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29183000

MSDS Information

Provider	Language
alpha-Ketoglutaric acid	English
SigmaAldrich	English
ACROS	English
ALFA	English

2-Ketoglutaric acid Usage And Synthesis

Description	2-Ketoglutaric acid also known as α-Ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a chemical found in the body. It is a ketone derivative of the organic compound glutaric acid. It is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids and the transfer of cellular energy in the citric acid or Krebs cycle. In combination with L-glutamate, AKG can reduce levels of ammonia formed in the brain, muscles, and kidneys, as well as help balance the body’s nitrogen chemistry and prevent nitrogen excess in body tissues and fluids. α-Ketoglutaric acid is used for kidney disease; intestinal and stomach disorders, including bacterial infections; liver problems; cataracts; and recurring yeast infections. It is also used for improving the way kidney patients receiving hemodialysis treatments process protein.
References	[1] # [2] #
Chemical Properties	Crystalline
Uses	A derivative of glutaric acid.
Uses	2-Ketoglutaric acid is used as an intermediate in the kreb s cycle catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme on glutamate. It is also used in dietary supplements to improve protein synthesis.
Uses	α-ketoglutaric acid along with L-arginine can undergo reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride to form the diastereomers, nopaline and isonopaline.
Definition	ChEBI: An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.
General Description	for biochemistry
Biochem/physiol Actions	α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) has a wide range of applications in the animal feed, food, pharmaceutical and fine chemistry industries.
Biotechnological Applications	a-Ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the main compound of amino acid and protein metabolism. This organic acid could be used as building-block chemical for the chemical synthesis of heterocycles, dietary supplement, component of infusion solutions, and wound healing compounds (Otto et al. 2013). Thiamine deficiency is a critical factor in the formation of a-ketoglutaric acid by Y. lipolytica. The yeast strain is unable to synthesize the pyrimidine structure of the thiamine molecule, or a medium with thiamine deficiency required for production of a-ketoglutaric acid. The a-ketoglutaric acid excretion was triggered after logarithmic growth phase when the yeast was grown on a medium containing hexadecane or other alkanes with low thiamine concentration (0.7 lg/L). The biosynthesis of the acid continued in the stationary phase. It was possible to increase the concentration of a-ketoglutaric acid to 108.7 g/L on petrolatum with a substrate-related yield of 120 % (Finogenova et al. 2005). The hyper-producing strain H355 produced highest amounts of a-ketoglutaric acid up to 195 g/L with a mixture of n-paraffins (C12–C18). Vegetable oils (olive, canola, sunflower, linseed, and rapeseed oil), ethanol, and glycerol were used as substrate for production of a-ketoglutaric acid by Y. lipolytica (Chernyavskaya et al. 1997, 2000; Il’chenko et al. 2001, 2002, 2003; Finogenova et al. 2002; Otto et al. 2013; Kamzolova and Morgunov 2013). The effects of different conditions on production a-ketoglutaric acid, including initial substrate concentration, nitrogen source, exogenous vitamins, and calcium carbonate are investigated in some studies. The influence of thiamine limitation and excess of carbon and nitrogen source as well as a low pH on the intensive aketoglutaric acid production are revealed in the previous work. Thiamine and calcium ion concentration had the greatest effect on this organic acid accumulation when glycerol was used as carbon source (Zhou et al. 2010). An increased amount of zinc and iron ions is required for the a-ketoglutaric acid production from ethanol (Kamzolova et al. 2012a).
Purification Methods	Crystallise the keto-acid repeatedly from Me2CO/*benzene, EtOAc or ethyl propionate. Dry it in vacuo.[Beilstein 3 IV 1813.]

2-Ketoglutaric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Succinic acid-->Pentanedioic acid, 2-oxo-, 1-ethyl ester-->L-Glutamic acid, N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]--->(1R,2S)-1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid-->Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-, (2S)--->4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid-->3-Phenylpyruvic acid-->SUCCINALDEHYDIC ACID-->2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid-->pyridoxal-->D(-)-Glutamic acid-->DL-Glutamic acid-->L-Tyrosine-->2-AMINOPHENOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Preparation Products

L-GLUTAMIC-2,3,3,4,4-D5 ACID-->ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC ACID MONOSODIUM SALT-->4-Carbethoxybutyrolactone,γ-Carboethoxy-γ-butyrolactone-->6-Chloro-pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

 

α-Ketoglutaric acid

【Product name】：α-Ketoglutaric acid

【Appearance】：White crystalline powder

【CAS No】：: 328-50-7

【Molecular Formula】：C₅H₆O₅

【Molecular Weight】： 146.1

【Structural Formula】：

 

【Assay】： ≥99.0%

【Specification】：Enterprise Standard

【Main functions】：Mainly used as a component of sports nutrition, medicine, health products raw materials and food additives, Used as an intermediate for organic synthesis.

 

N-Acetyl-L-leucine Basic information

Product Name:	N-Acetyl-L-leucine
Synonyms:	AKOS BBS-00004735;ACETYL-DL-LEUCINE, N-;ACETYL-DL-LEUCINE;ACETYL-L-LEUCINE;AC-DL-LEU-OH;AC-LEUCINE;AC-LEU-OH;IFLAB-BB F0777-0821
CAS:	1188-21-2
MF:	C8H15NO3
MW:	173.21
EINECS:	214-706-3
Product Categories:	N-Acetyl-Amino acid series;Amino Acid Derivatives;Leucine [Leu, L];Amino Acids and Derivatives;Leucine;Peptide Synthesis;Amino Acids Derivatives;Amino Acid Derivatives;Amino Acids;Ac-Amino Acids;Amino Acids (N-Protected);Biochemistry;amino acid;amino
Mol File:	1188-21-2.mol

N-Acetyl-L-leucine Chemical Properties

Melting point	187-190 °C(lit.)
alpha	-24.5 º (c=4, MeOH)
Boiling point	303.86°C (rough estimate)
density	1.1599 (rough estimate)
refractive index	-22 ° (C=5, EtOH)
storage temp.	Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
pka	3.67±0.10(Predicted)
form	Crystalline Powder
color	White
optical activity	[α]25/D 23±3°, c = 2 in ethanol
Water Solubility	0.81 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
BRN	1724849
CAS DataBase Reference	1188-21-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	L-leucine, n-acetyl-(1188-21-2)
EPA Substance Registry System	L-Leucine, N-acetyl- (1188-21-2)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes	Xi
Risk Statements	36/37/38
Safety Statements	24/25-36-26
WGK Germany	3
TSCA	Yes
HazardClass	IRRITANT
HS Code	29241900

2-Ketoglutaric acid Basic information

Description References

Product Name:	2-Ketoglutaric acid
Synonyms:	2-KETOGLUTARIC ACID;2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID;2-OXOPENTANEDIOIC ACID;A-KETOGLUTARIC ACID;Glutaric acid, 2-oxo-;Glutaric acid, alpha keto;-Ketoglutaricacid;α-Ketoglutaricacid
CAS:	328-50-7
MF:	C5H6O5
MW:	146.1
EINECS:	206-330-3
Product Categories:	Nutrition;food additives;Pharmaceutical Intermediates;Aliphatics;Organic acids;pharm raw material;Amino Acids;Food Additives
Mol File:	328-50-7.mol

2-Ketoglutaric acid Chemical Properties

Melting point	113-115 °C
Boiling point	185.67°C (rough estimate)
density	1.2821 (rough estimate)
FEMA	3891 | 2-OXOPENTANEDIOIC ACID
refractive index	1.3920 (estimate)
storage temp.	2-8°C
solubility	H2O: soluble0.1g/mL, clear, colorless
form	Crystalline Powder
pka	2.47(at 25℃)
color	White to slightly yellow
Odor	Odorless
PH	3.09(1 mM solution);2.36(10 mM solution);1.77(100 mM solution)
Water Solubility	Soluble in water, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
Merck	14,5303
JECFA Number	634
BRN	1705689
InChIKey	KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference	328-50-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	2-Oxopentanedioic acid(328-50-7)
EPA Substance Registry System	Pentanedioic acid, 2-oxo- (328-50-7)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes	Xi,T
Risk Statements	37/38-41-36/37/38-23/24/25
Safety Statements	26-39-45-36/37/39
WGK Germany	3
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29183000

MSDS Information

Provider	Language
alpha-Ketoglutaric acid	English
SigmaAldrich	English
ACROS	English
ALFA	English

2-Ketoglutaric acid Usage And Synthesis

Description	2-Ketoglutaric acid also known as α-Ketoglutaric acid (AKG) is a chemical found in the body. It is a ketone derivative of the organic compound glutaric acid. It is important for the proper metabolism of all essential amino acids and the transfer of cellular energy in the citric acid or Krebs cycle. In combination with L-glutamate, AKG can reduce levels of ammonia formed in the brain, muscles, and kidneys, as well as help balance the body’s nitrogen chemistry and prevent nitrogen excess in body tissues and fluids. α-Ketoglutaric acid is used for kidney disease; intestinal and stomach disorders, including bacterial infections; liver problems; cataracts; and recurring yeast infections. It is also used for improving the way kidney patients receiving hemodialysis treatments process protein.
References	[1] # [2] #
Chemical Properties	Crystalline
Uses	A derivative of glutaric acid.
Uses	2-Ketoglutaric acid is used as an intermediate in the kreb s cycle catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme on glutamate. It is also used in dietary supplements to improve protein synthesis.
Uses	α-ketoglutaric acid along with L-arginine can undergo reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride to form the diastereomers, nopaline and isonopaline.
Definition	ChEBI: An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.
General Description	for biochemistry
Biochem/physiol Actions	α-Ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) has a wide range of applications in the animal feed, food, pharmaceutical and fine chemistry industries.
Biotechnological Applications	a-Ketoglutaric acid is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the main compound of amino acid and protein metabolism. This organic acid could be used as building-block chemical for the chemical synthesis of heterocycles, dietary supplement, component of infusion solutions, and wound healing compounds (Otto et al. 2013). Thiamine deficiency is a critical factor in the formation of a-ketoglutaric acid by Y. lipolytica. The yeast strain is unable to synthesize the pyrimidine structure of the thiamine molecule, or a medium with thiamine deficiency required for production of a-ketoglutaric acid. The a-ketoglutaric acid excretion was triggered after logarithmic growth phase when the yeast was grown on a medium containing hexadecane or other alkanes with low thiamine concentration (0.7 lg/L). The biosynthesis of the acid continued in the stationary phase. It was possible to increase the concentration of a-ketoglutaric acid to 108.7 g/L on petrolatum with a substrate-related yield of 120 % (Finogenova et al. 2005). The hyper-producing strain H355 produced highest amounts of a-ketoglutaric acid up to 195 g/L with a mixture of n-paraffins (C12–C18). Vegetable oils (olive, canola, sunflower, linseed, and rapeseed oil), ethanol, and glycerol were used as substrate for production of a-ketoglutaric acid by Y. lipolytica (Chernyavskaya et al. 1997, 2000; Il’chenko et al. 2001, 2002, 2003; Finogenova et al. 2002; Otto et al. 2013; Kamzolova and Morgunov 2013). The effects of different conditions on production a-ketoglutaric acid, including initial substrate concentration, nitrogen source, exogenous vitamins, and calcium carbonate are investigated in some studies. The influence of thiamine limitation and excess of carbon and nitrogen source as well as a low pH on the intensive aketoglutaric acid production are revealed in the previous work. Thiamine and calcium ion concentration had the greatest effect on this organic acid accumulation when glycerol was used as carbon source (Zhou et al. 2010). An increased amount of zinc and iron ions is required for the a-ketoglutaric acid production from ethanol (Kamzolova et al. 2012a).
Purification Methods	Crystallise the keto-acid repeatedly from Me2CO/*benzene, EtOAc or ethyl propionate. Dry it in vacuo.[Beilstein 3 IV 1813.]

2-Ketoglutaric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Succinic acid-->Pentanedioic acid, 2-oxo-, 1-ethyl ester-->L-Glutamic acid, N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]--->(1R,2S)-1-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid-->Butanoic acid, 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-, (2S)--->4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid-->3-Phenylpyruvic acid-->SUCCINALDEHYDIC ACID-->2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid-->pyridoxal-->D(-)-Glutamic acid-->DL-Glutamic acid-->L-Tyrosine-->2-AMINOPHENOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Preparation Products

L-GLUTAMIC-2,3,3,4,4-D5 ACID-->ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC ACID MONOSODIUM SALT-->4-Carbethoxybutyrolactone,γ-Carboethoxy-γ-butyrolactone-->6-Chloro-pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester