China Biggest Manufacturer factory supply TAURINE CAS 107-35-7 CAS NO.107-35-7

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Taurine Basic information Description History Medicinal effect Preparation References Product Name: Taurine Synonyms: TAURINE;2-amino-ethanesulfonicaci;2-sulfoethylamine;Aminoethanesulfonic acid;TURIN;2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 99.3+%;TATU;TAURINE extrapure CHR CAS: 107-35-7 MF: C2H7NO3S MW: 125.15 EINECS: 203-483-8 Product Categories: Inhibitors;food additive;Food & Feed ADDITIVES;pharmacetical;BETALIN-S;amino;Food and Feed Additive;Sulphur Derivatives;Natural Plant Extract;Nutritional fortification substances;Amino Acids;GABA/Glycine receptor;VX:15689727968 Mol File: 107-35-7.mol   Taurine Chemical Properties Melting point  >300 °C (lit.) density  1.00 g/mL at 20 °C FEMA  3813 | TAURINE refractive index  1.5130 (estimate) storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless pka 1.5(at 25℃) form  Crystals or Crystalline Powder color  White PH 4.5-6.0 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O) Water Solubility  5-10 g/100 mL at 23.5 ºC λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.006 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.005 Merck  14,9074 JECFA Number 1435 BRN  1751215 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. InChIKey XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 107-35-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid(107-35-7) EPA Substance Registry System Taurine (107-35-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/37/38 Safety Statements  26-36-24/25 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  WX0175000 TSCA  Yes HS Code  29211980 Hazardous Substances Data 107-35-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English ALFA English   Taurine Usage And Synthesis Description Taruine is an organic compounds that widely existing in animal tissues. It is a sulfur amino acid, but not being used for protein synthesis. It is rich in the brain, breasts, gallbladder and kidney. It is an essential amino acid in the pre-term and newborn infants of human. It has various kinds of physiological functions including being as a neurotransmitter in the brain, conjugation of bile acids, anti-oxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, modulation of calcium signaling, regulating the cardiovascular function as well as the development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. It can be manufactured through the ammonolysis of isethionic acid or the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Because of its highly important physiological role, it can be supplied to energy drinks. It can also be used in cosmetics to maintain skin hydration, and used in some contact lens solution. History As the conditionally essential amino acid of the human body, it is a kind of β- sulphamic acid. In mammalian tissues, it is a metabolite of methionine and cystine. It was first isolated from ox bile in 1827, hence the name taurine. It commonly exists in the form of free amino acids in various tissues of animals, but not goes into proteins without combination. Taurine is rarely found in plants. Early on, people had considered it a bile acid binding agent of taurocholic combined with cholic acid. However, recent studies have shown that taurine has many important biological functions apart from the above mentioned forming taurocholic acid and participating in the digestion and absorption of lipids.It is important nutrients for normal development and function of cranial nerve to play the role in adjusting a variety of nerve cells of the central nervous system; taurine in retina accounts for 40% to 50% of total free amino acid, which is necessary for maintaining the structure and function of photoreceptor cells; affecting the myocardial contracts dint, regulating calcium metabolism, controlling arrhythmia, lowering blood pressure, etc; maintaining cellular antioxidant activity to protect the tissues from damaging free radicals; decreasing platelet aggregation and so on. As the metabolites containing sulphur amino acids, mammals have different abilities to synthesize taurine: The synthetic ability of rats and dogs is stronger, the synthetic ability of human and primate is lower, while that of kits and human infants is very low. Taurine in the infant mainly comes from the diet, so it is recommended to supplement the taurine in the baby's diet. Foods with a higher content of taurine include conch, clam, mussel, oyster, squid and other shellfish food, which chould be up to 500 ~ 900mg/100g in the table part; the content in fish is comparably different; the content in poultry and offal is also rich; the content in human milk is higher than cow milk; taurine is not found in eggs and vegetable food. Medicinal effect Liver-strengthening cholagogue function: The combination of taurine and cholic acid can increase biliary permeability and is related to bile backflow; this product can also reduce cholesterol levels in the liver and reduce the formation of cholesterol calculus. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects: It can lower the body temperature by effects on the central 5-HT system or catecholamine system. Hypotensive effect: After injecting this product, it shows the effects including reducing blood pressure, slowing down heart rate, regulating vascular tension and so on. Cardiac and anti-arrhythmia action: This product can regulate the combination of Ca++ in cardiac myocytes and can reverse the adverse effects of Ca++ on the myocardium. Hypoglycemic effect: This product directly affects the insulin receptor of the liver and muscle cell membrane and has the effect of insulin-like hypoglycemic action. Other effects: loosening up skeletal muscle, reversing myotonia and fighting fatigue after exercise. Local application of this product can reduce the increased pressure in the eyeball caused by prostaglandin; there are still nutritional effects. Clinical use at acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, cholecystitis, etc.,as well as use in bronchitis, tonsillitis, ophthalmia and other infectious diseases. This product can be tried for cold, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, arthritis, myotonia, etc. Preparation Extract from the mollusk such as fish, shellfish and so on. After reacting to form sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate at 70℃with ethylene oxide and sodium hydrogen sulfite as raw materials, this product can be obtained by further aminolysis and desalination [1]. It can be obtained by reaction between ethylene imine and sulfurous acid [1]. It can be obtained with nitroethylene and sodium bisulfite as raw materials[1]. CH2＝CHNO2+NaHSO3→[1] It can be obtained preparing by sulfonation of sodium sulfite and aminolysis in liquid ammonia with sodium sulfite as the raw material [1]. Ethanolamine is used as the raw material to react with hydrochloric acid to form chloroethylamine hydrochloride, which is reacted with sodium sulfite to produce sodium ethylamine sulfonate. This product can be obtained by desalination with dilute sulphuric acid [1]. Use aziridine as the raw material and react with sulfur dioxide and water to obtain this product [1]. Like 6, it can be obtained by using bromoethylamine hydrobromide as the raw material and reacting with sodium sulfite [1]. Use 1, 2-dichloroethane as the raw material and react with sodium sulfite to produce chloroethanesulfonic acid sodium salt. React with ammonia under heating with pressure to form sodium amino ethyl sulfonate. Then it can be prepared by hydrochloric acid-acidification desalination [1]. Like 9, we use hydroxyethanesulphonic acid as the raw material and react with ammonia under heating with pressure to obtain this product [1]. We use 2,2-dimethyl thiazoles as the raw material, hydrogen peroxide or manganese dioxide as the oxidizing agent. This product can be obtained by oxidation under pressure [1], with acetone as by-product at the same time. It can be obtained by using 2-amino alcohol monoester as the raw material and reacting with sodium sulfite [1]. (H2NCH2CH2O)HSO3+Na2SO3→ [1]+Na2SO4 N- vinyl propanamide is used as the raw material to react with sodium bisulfite to produce sodium 2- propane amino ethyl sulfonate. Then this product can be obtained by acidification desalination and hydrolysis. References # # Description Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid with simple structure in animals. Its chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Its molecular formula is C2H7NO3S and its molecular weight is 125.15. It is odorless and slightly sour. Its dilute solution is neutral and stable to heat. It combines with cholic acid in human and animal bile and exists in the form of binding; In brain, ovary, heart, liver, milk, pineal gland, pituitary, retina, adrenal gland and other tissues, it exists in free form, with a total amount of 12-18g, but does not participate in protein synthesis. Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid for human body and plays an important role in the development of fetal and infant nervous system. Taurine can be widely used in medicine, food additives, fluorescent brighteners, organic synthesis and other fields. It can also be used as biochemical reagent, wetting agent, pH buffer and so on. Chemical Properties Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid with a bitter taste and sharp flavor. It is a nonessential amino acid by definition because the body can synthesize it from methionine and cysteine. Chemical Properties White crystalline powder Occurrence Reported found in beef, black beans, chicken, chick peas, clams, cod, fish, lamb, milk, octopus, oysters, pistachios, pork, scallops, shrimp and other natural sources. Uses Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization and modulation of calcium signaling. Uses vitamin B1, enzyme cofactor Uses Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stab ilization and modulation of calcium signaling. Definition ChEBI: An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral suppleme t in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. Biosynthesis In addition to the intake of taurine directly from the diet, the animal body can also biosynthesis in the liver. The intermediate product of methionine and cysteine metabolism, cysteine, is decarboxylated to taurine by cysteine decarboxylase (CSAD), and then oxidized to taurine. CSAD is considered to be the rate limiting enzyme of taurine biosynthesis in mammals, and compared with other mammals, the activity of human CSAD is lower, which may be due to the low taurine synthesis ability in human body. Taurine can participate in the formation of taurocholic acid and hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid after decomposition in vivo. The amount of taurine required depends on cholic acid binding capacity and muscle content. General Description Large white crystals or white powder. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Reactivity Profile Taurine is an amino acid found in combination with bile acids [Hawley]. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. Health Hazard ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Taurine evolves highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition, and may cause irritation on contact. Fire Hazard Flash point data are not available for Taurine, but Taurine is probably combustible. Biological Activity One of the most abundant free amino acids in the brain. A partial agonist at the inhibitory glycine receptor. Biochem/physiol Actions Non-selective endogenous agonist at glycine receptors. Conditionally essential sulfonated amino acid which modulates apoptosis in some cells; functions in many metabolic activities; a product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Pharmacology Taurine is an organic osmotic regulator. It not only participates in the regulation of cell volume, but also provides the basis for the formation of bile salts. It also plays an important role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Although taurine is a special amino acid not included in proteins, taurine is the most abundant amino acid in brain, retina and muscle tissue. Taurine is widely used, such as in the function of central nervous system, cell protection, cardiomyopathy, renal insufficiency, abnormal development of renal function and retinal nerve injury. Almost all eye tissues contain taurine. The quantitative analysis of rat eye tissue extract showed that taurine was the most abundant amino acid in retina, vitreous, lens, cornea, iris and ciliary body. Many studies have found that taurine is an active substance that regulates the normal physiological activities of the body. It has the functions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, maintaining the osmotic pressure balance of the body, maintaining normal visual function, regulating the calcium balance of cells, reducing blood sugar, regulating nerve conduction, participating in endocrine activities, regulating lipid digestion and absorption, increasing the contractility of the heart, improving the immune capacity of the body, and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cell membrane Protect a wide range of biological functions such as cardiomyocytes. Safety Profile Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments Taurine has proven beneficial in preventing retinal degeneration and the prevention and treatment of taurine-deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy in cats. Although modern commercial feline diets have added taurine, some cats still develop taurine-deficiency associated dilated cardiomyopathy. It may also be of benefit in taurine (±carnitine) deficient cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels and certain other breeds such as, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Dalmations, Portuguese Water Dogs, and English Bulldogs. Preliminary studies have shown evidence that it may be useful as adjunctive treatment for cardiac disease in animals even if taurine deficiency is not present. Because of its low toxicity, some have suggested it be tried for a multitude of conditions in humans and animals; unfortunately, little scientific evidence exists for these uses.   Taurine Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Ethanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Sodium sulfate-->Sodium sulfite-->Sodium bisulfite-->Sodium hypochlorite-->Ethanolamine-->Acrylamide-->SULFATE STANDARD-->Sulfurous Acid-->Propionamide-->CHLOROPICRIN & ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE-->2-AMINOETHYL HYDROGEN SULFATE-->2-Chloroethylamine hydrochloride-->Sodium 2-bromoethanesulphonate-->Ethylsulphuric acid-->TAURINE SODIUM Preparation Products 3-Aminobenzylmethylamine-->Cholic acid

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Taurine Basic information Description History Medicinal effect Preparation References Product Name: Taurine Synonyms: TAURINE;2-amino-ethanesulfonicaci;2-sulfoethylamine;Aminoethanesulfonic acid;TURIN;2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 99.3+%;TATU;TAURINE extrapure CHR CAS: 107-35-7 MF: C2H7NO3S MW: 125.15 EINECS: 203-483-8 Product Categories: Inhibitors;food additive;Food & Feed ADDITIVES;pharmacetical;BETALIN-S;amino;Food and Feed Additive;Sulphur Derivatives;Natural Plant Extract;Nutritional fortification substances;Amino Acids;GABA/Glycine receptor;VX:15689727968 Mol File: 107-35-7.mol   Taurine Chemical Properties Melting point  >300 °C (lit.) density  1.00 g/mL at 20 °C FEMA  3813 | TAURINE refractive index  1.5130 (estimate) storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless pka 1.5(at 25℃) form  Crystals or Crystalline Powder color  White PH 4.5-6.0 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O) Water Solubility  5-10 g/100 mL at 23.5 ºC λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.006 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.005 Merck  14,9074 JECFA Number 1435 BRN  1751215 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. InChIKey XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 107-35-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid(107-35-7) EPA Substance Registry System Taurine (107-35-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/37/38 Safety Statements  26-36-24/25 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  WX0175000 TSCA  Yes HS Code  29211980 Hazardous Substances Data 107-35-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English ALFA English   Taurine Usage And Synthesis Description Taruine is an organic compounds that widely existing in animal tissues. It is a sulfur amino acid, but not being used for protein synthesis. It is rich in the brain, breasts, gallbladder and kidney. It is an essential amino acid in the pre-term and newborn infants of human. It has various kinds of physiological functions including being as a neurotransmitter in the brain, conjugation of bile acids, anti-oxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, modulation of calcium signaling, regulating the cardiovascular function as well as the development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. It can be manufactured through the ammonolysis of isethionic acid or the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Because of its highly important physiological role, it can be supplied to energy drinks. It can also be used in cosmetics to maintain skin hydration, and used in some contact lens solution. History As the conditionally essential amino acid of the human body, it is a kind of β- sulphamic acid. In mammalian tissues, it is a metabolite of methionine and cystine. It was first isolated from ox bile in 1827, hence the name taurine. It commonly exists in the form of free amino acids in various tissues of animals, but not goes into proteins without combination. Taurine is rarely found in plants. Early on, people had considered it a bile acid binding agent of taurocholic combined with cholic acid. However, recent studies have shown that taurine has many important biological functions apart from the above mentioned forming taurocholic acid and participating in the digestion and absorption of lipids.It is important nutrients for normal development and function of cranial nerve to play the role in adjusting a variety of nerve cells of the central nervous system; taurine in retina accounts for 40% to 50% of total free amino acid, which is necessary for maintaining the structure and function of photoreceptor cells; affecting the myocardial contracts dint, regulating calcium metabolism, controlling arrhythmia, lowering blood pressure, etc; maintaining cellular antioxidant activity to protect the tissues from damaging free radicals; decreasing platelet aggregation and so on. As the metabolites containing sulphur amino acids, mammals have different abilities to synthesize taurine: The synthetic ability of rats and dogs is stronger, the synthetic ability of human and primate is lower, while that of kits and human infants is very low. Taurine in the infant mainly comes from the diet, so it is recommended to supplement the taurine in the baby's diet. Foods with a higher content of taurine include conch, clam, mussel, oyster, squid and other shellfish food, which chould be up to 500 ~ 900mg/100g in the table part; the content in fish is comparably different; the content in poultry and offal is also rich; the content in human milk is higher than cow milk; taurine is not found in eggs and vegetable food. Medicinal effect Liver-strengthening cholagogue function: The combination of taurine and cholic acid can increase biliary permeability and is related to bile backflow; this product can also reduce cholesterol levels in the liver and reduce the formation of cholesterol calculus. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects: It can lower the body temperature by effects on the central 5-HT system or catecholamine system. Hypotensive effect: After injecting this product, it shows the effects including reducing blood pressure, slowing down heart rate, regulating vascular tension and so on. Cardiac and anti-arrhythmia action: This product can regulate the combination of Ca++ in cardiac myocytes and can reverse the adverse effects of Ca++ on the myocardium. Hypoglycemic effect: This product directly affects the insulin receptor of the liver and muscle cell membrane and has the effect of insulin-like hypoglycemic action. Other effects: loosening up skeletal muscle, reversing myotonia and fighting fatigue after exercise. Local application of this product can reduce the increased pressure in the eyeball caused by prostaglandin; there are still nutritional effects. Clinical use at acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, cholecystitis, etc.,as well as use in bronchitis, tonsillitis, ophthalmia and other infectious diseases. This product can be tried for cold, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, arthritis, myotonia, etc. Preparation Extract from the mollusk such as fish, shellfish and so on. After reacting to form sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate at 70℃with ethylene oxide and sodium hydrogen sulfite as raw materials, this product can be obtained by further aminolysis and desalination [1]. It can be obtained by reaction between ethylene imine and sulfurous acid [1]. It can be obtained with nitroethylene and sodium bisulfite as raw materials[1]. CH2＝CHNO2+NaHSO3→[1] It can be obtained preparing by sulfonation of sodium sulfite and aminolysis in liquid ammonia with sodium sulfite as the raw material [1]. Ethanolamine is used as the raw material to react with hydrochloric acid to form chloroethylamine hydrochloride, which is reacted with sodium sulfite to produce sodium ethylamine sulfonate. This product can be obtained by desalination with dilute sulphuric acid [1]. Use aziridine as the raw material and react with sulfur dioxide and water to obtain this product [1]. Like 6, it can be obtained by using bromoethylamine hydrobromide as the raw material and reacting with sodium sulfite [1]. Use 1, 2-dichloroethane as the raw material and react with sodium sulfite to produce chloroethanesulfonic acid sodium salt. React with ammonia under heating with pressure to form sodium amino ethyl sulfonate. Then it can be prepared by hydrochloric acid-acidification desalination [1]. Like 9, we use hydroxyethanesulphonic acid as the raw material and react with ammonia under heating with pressure to obtain this product [1]. We use 2,2-dimethyl thiazoles as the raw material, hydrogen peroxide or manganese dioxide as the oxidizing agent. This product can be obtained by oxidation under pressure [1], with acetone as by-product at the same time. It can be obtained by using 2-amino alcohol monoester as the raw material and reacting with sodium sulfite [1]. (H2NCH2CH2O)HSO3+Na2SO3→ [1]+Na2SO4 N- vinyl propanamide is used as the raw material to react with sodium bisulfite to produce sodium 2- propane amino ethyl sulfonate. Then this product can be obtained by acidification desalination and hydrolysis. References # # Description Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid with simple structure in animals. Its chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Its molecular formula is C2H7NO3S and its molecular weight is 125.15. It is odorless and slightly sour. Its dilute solution is neutral and stable to heat. It combines with cholic acid in human and animal bile and exists in the form of binding; In brain, ovary, heart, liver, milk, pineal gland, pituitary, retina, adrenal gland and other tissues, it exists in free form, with a total amount of 12-18g, but does not participate in protein synthesis. Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid for human body and plays an important role in the development of fetal and infant nervous system. Taurine can be widely used in medicine, food additives, fluorescent brighteners, organic synthesis and other fields. It can also be used as biochemical reagent, wetting agent, pH buffer and so on. Chemical Properties Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid with a bitter taste and sharp flavor. It is a nonessential amino acid by definition because the body can synthesize it from methionine and cysteine. Chemical Properties White crystalline powder Occurrence Reported found in beef, black beans, chicken, chick peas, clams, cod, fish, lamb, milk, octopus, oysters, pistachios, pork, scallops, shrimp and other natural sources. Uses Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization and modulation of calcium signaling. Uses vitamin B1, enzyme cofactor Uses Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stab ilization and modulation of calcium signaling. Definition ChEBI: An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral suppleme t in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. Biosynthesis In addition to the intake of taurine directly from the diet, the animal body can also biosynthesis in the liver. The intermediate product of methionine and cysteine metabolism, cysteine, is decarboxylated to taurine by cysteine decarboxylase (CSAD), and then oxidized to taurine. CSAD is considered to be the rate limiting enzyme of taurine biosynthesis in mammals, and compared with other mammals, the activity of human CSAD is lower, which may be due to the low taurine synthesis ability in human body. Taurine can participate in the formation of taurocholic acid and hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid after decomposition in vivo. The amount of taurine required depends on cholic acid binding capacity and muscle content. General Description Large white crystals or white powder. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Reactivity Profile Taurine is an amino acid found in combination with bile acids [Hawley]. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. Health Hazard ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Taurine evolves highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition, and may cause irritation on contact. Fire Hazard Flash point data are not available for Taurine, but Taurine is probably combustible. Biological Activity One of the most abundant free amino acids in the brain. A partial agonist at the inhibitory glycine receptor. Biochem/physiol Actions Non-selective endogenous agonist at glycine receptors. Conditionally essential sulfonated amino acid which modulates apoptosis in some cells; functions in many metabolic activities; a product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Pharmacology Taurine is an organic osmotic regulator. It not only participates in the regulation of cell volume, but also provides the basis for the formation of bile salts. It also plays an important role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Although taurine is a special amino acid not included in proteins, taurine is the most abundant amino acid in brain, retina and muscle tissue. Taurine is widely used, such as in the function of central nervous system, cell protection, cardiomyopathy, renal insufficiency, abnormal development of renal function and retinal nerve injury. Almost all eye tissues contain taurine. The quantitative analysis of rat eye tissue extract showed that taurine was the most abundant amino acid in retina, vitreous, lens, cornea, iris and ciliary body. Many studies have found that taurine is an active substance that regulates the normal physiological activities of the body. It has the functions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, maintaining the osmotic pressure balance of the body, maintaining normal visual function, regulating the calcium balance of cells, reducing blood sugar, regulating nerve conduction, participating in endocrine activities, regulating lipid digestion and absorption, increasing the contractility of the heart, improving the immune capacity of the body, and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cell membrane Protect a wide range of biological functions such as cardiomyocytes. Safety Profile Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments Taurine has proven beneficial in preventing retinal degeneration and the prevention and treatment of taurine-deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy in cats. Although modern commercial feline diets have added taurine, some cats still develop taurine-deficiency associated dilated cardiomyopathy. It may also be of benefit in taurine (±carnitine) deficient cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels and certain other breeds such as, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Dalmations, Portuguese Water Dogs, and English Bulldogs. Preliminary studies have shown evidence that it may be useful as adjunctive treatment for cardiac disease in animals even if taurine deficiency is not present. Because of its low toxicity, some have suggested it be tried for a multitude of conditions in humans and animals; unfortunately, little scientific evidence exists for these uses.   Taurine Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Ethanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Sodium sulfate-->Sodium sulfite-->Sodium bisulfite-->Sodium hypochlorite-->Ethanolamine-->Acrylamide-->SULFATE STANDARD-->Sulfurous Acid-->Propionamide-->CHLOROPICRIN & ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE-->2-AMINOETHYL HYDROGEN SULFATE-->2-Chloroethylamine hydrochloride-->Sodium 2-bromoethanesulphonate-->Ethylsulphuric acid-->TAURINE SODIUM Preparation Products 3-Aminobenzylmethylamine-->Cholic acid