China Largest Manufacturer factory Supply Povidone Iodine/PVP-I CAS 25655-41-8 USP Grade CAS NO.25655-41-8

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Povidone iodine Basic information Topical disinfectants Physical and Chemical Properties Pharmacodynamics Indications Side effects Precautions Uses Product Name: Povidone iodine Synonyms: PovidoneIodine(Betadine;1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer compound with iron;disadined.p.;disphex;efo-dine;inadine;iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidonecomplex;poly(1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene)iodinecomplex CAS: 25655-41-8 MF: C6H9I2NO MW: 364.95 EINECS: 607-771-8 Product Categories: API;Polymers;Heterocycles;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;disinfectant;Iodine bactericidal action;VX:15689727968;25655-41-8 Mol File: 25655-41-8.mol   Povidone iodine Chemical Properties Melting point  300 °C storage temp.  Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature solubility  H2O: soluble100mg/mL form  Powder color  Yellow-brown Water Solubility  Soluble in water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. Insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, acetone and petroleum ether. Merck  13,7784 InChIKey FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 25655-41-8(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System Povidone-iodine (25655-41-8)   Safety Information Safety Statements  24/25-22 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  TR1579600 TSCA  Yes HS Code  29339900 Hazardous Substances Data 25655-41-8(Hazardous Substances Data) MSDS Information Provider Language Betadine English ACROS English   Povidone iodine Usage And Synthesis Topical disinfectants Povidone iodine is an unstable complex formed from the complexation of iodine with a surfactant, belonging to a type of topical iodine disinfectant. At room temperature, it is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder which is soluble in water or ethanol but insoluble in ether or chloroform. Thevinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer inside it is a kind of surfactants which can facilitate the wetting and penetration of solution on the object, thereby enhancing the sterilization effect of iodine. Of which 80 to 90% of the binding iodine can be depolymerization into free iodine with a large the concentration and a strong bactericidal capability. It is tasteless, non-irritating, non-allergenic, and of low toxicity. It is a kind of broad-spectrum fungicide which can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa. At a concentration of 15ppm, within 1 minute, it can kill various kinds of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) propagules; it takes a relative long time for it to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis; killing fungi (B. subtilis) takes 1.5 hours; killing black variant of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus requires higher concentrations and longer time; at a concentration of 150ppm, within 10 minutes, it can destroy the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In addition to be applied for the skin disinfection, this product can also be used for disinfecting of metallic medical equipment, utensils and the like. It is usually read or amber in the concentration for disinfection which can not only be directly applied to the skin or meninges of the surgical incision site of a patient, but also used for the in vitro flushing purposes in obstetrics and urology. When its concentration is reduced to below 10ppm, it turns white or pale yellow and loses bactericidal activity. Physical and Chemical Properties Povidone iodine is a loose complex formed through the association of elemental iodine with polymer carrier with povidone playing a role of carrier and facilitating solubilization. At room temperature, it is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder. It is slightly odor, easily soluble in water or alcohol with its aqueous solution being acidic; it is also insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, ethane and carbon tetrachloride. The aqueous solution of povidone iodine has no disadvantages of iodine tincture with a light color and being easy to subject to washing. It has a small irritating effect on mucous membrane, and no alcohol deiodination, and free of corrosion effect and has a low toxicity. Figure 1: The molecular structure of povidone-iodine. Pharmacodynamics Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Povidone-iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria. The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. Indications The major indications of Povidone iodine are as follows: 1. it can be used for treating suppurative dermatitis, fungal skin infection, and small area of mild burns; can also be used for disinfection of small area of skin and mucous membrane wound. 2.It can be used for the prevention and tropic disinfection of various kinds of diseases such as bacterial and mould vaginitis, cervical erosion, trichomonas vaginitis, genital itching, smelly genital infection, yellow and smelly leucorrhea, comprehensive genital inflammation, elderly vaginitis, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis and genital warts. 3. It can be used for treating glans inflammation, posthitis, and the disinfection of genitalia and the surrounding area. Also used for the prevention and tropical treatment and disinfection of gonorrhea, syphilis, and genital warts. 4.it can be applied to the disinfection of cutlery and tableware. 5. it can be used or the disinfection surgical area of skin. Side effects It can cause allergic reactions and irritation on the skin and mucous membrane, but is relatively mild compared with the stimulus of iodine. Adverse reactions are rare. But external use for pregnant and lactating women and infants can lead to obvious absorption of iodine which can cause common reactions such as local irritation and burning feeling. Large-scale and long-term application can occasionally cause neutropenia syndrome with severe burning cases can cause metabolic acidosis, liver damage, and contact dermatitis, hypothyroidism and iodine poisoning. Precautions 1. Patients being allergic to this good or iodine should be disabled. 2. For patients of non-toxic gum-like thyroid tumor or with burning area higher than 20%, big open wounds, patients treated with lithium and patients with thyroid disease are not recommended for local application or long-term application. Patients of liver dysfunction or burning injury are not recommended to apply. Pregnant women and children (especially newborns) should apply with caution. 3. During the application of povidone iodine, the following physiological parameters should be monitored: protein binding efficiency, renal function, and the electrolyte content. For newborns infant, T4 and TSH need to be measured every 7 to 10 days. Uses 1. It has bactericidal effect like iodine. It can be used as disinfectant and bacteriostatic agent in the medicine for anti-septic purposes for eye drops, nasal drops, and cream agents. It can also be made into disinfectant. 2. It is mainly used for the skin disinfection and equipment disinfection in hospital surgery and injections as well as prevention of infection in the field of stomatology, gynecology, surgery, and dermatology; it can also be used for disinfection of household utensils and appliances; for food industry and aquaculture industry, it is used for disinfection and animal disease control. It is the preferred international and domestic choice of medical iodine-contained fungicides and disinfectants for epidemic prevention. 3. It is a kind of iodine carrier, the so-called “tamed iodine”. Because this product can gradually release iodine to exert an antibacterial effect; its mechanism of action is through causing the protein denaturation and further death of bacteria. It is effective in treating bacteria, fungi, as well as viruses with a relative small tissue irritation effect. Description Povidone-iodine is a microcide with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans. It reduces total anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts in vitro in dog feces when applied topically as a 10% solution. Povidone-iodine decreases bacterial counts and the occurrence of anastomotic leaks in a dog model of emergent resection and anastomosis of the sigmoid colon when applied in situ at a concentration of 10% v/v. Topical administration of povidone-iodine (10% v/v) also reduces bacterial counts on the skin of cynomolgus monkeys. Formulations containing povidone-iodine have been used to disinfect skin before and after surgery. Description Povidone-iodine is an iodophor. A 10% povidoneiodine solution contains 1% available iodine, but free iodine is at a concentration of 0.001%. Occupational exposure can cause irritant rather than allergie contact dermatitis in healtheare workers. Chemical Properties yellowish to reddish-brown powder Originator Betadine ,Purdue Frederick ,US ,1957 Uses Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex is used as a slow iodine release formulation that iodinates lipids and oxidizes cell compounds such as tyrosine side chains. It is utilized to study microbial decontamination of human donor eyes as well as inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. It is also used as a carbon nanotube coating agent to enhance water solubility. It serves as a topical antiseptic in surgery, as an aerosol for skin and mucous membrane infections and is used to prevent infection in wounds. Uses Topical anti-infective Uses PVP-I is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application. It is used in first aid for minor cuts, grazes, burns, abrasions and blisters. PVP-I has broad applications in medicine as a surgical scrub; for pre- and post-operative skin cleansing; for the Manufacturing Process 12 g of dry polyvinylpyrrolidone having a K value of 90 (water content about 2 to 3%) was added to 6 g of solid iodine crystals in a glass bottle containing a few pebbles and beads. This was rolled for 3 days on a roller mill with occasional manual stirring to loosen the material caked on the sides of the bottle. Analysis showed that the thus-obtained product contained 35.4% total iodine and 31.91% available iodine. The material was heat-treated at 95°C for 64 hours in a closed glass bottle with occasional stirring. On completion of this treatment, analysis showed that the material contained 35.3% total iodine, 25.7% available iodine, according to US Patent 2,706,701. Brand name Betadine (Alcon); E-Z Prep (Becton Dickinson Microbiology). Therapeutic Function Topical antiinfective Contact allergens Povidone-iodine is iodophor, used as a topical antiseptic. A 10% povidone-iodine solution contains 1% available iodine, but free-iodine is at 0.1% concentration. Skin exposure causes irritant rather than allergic contact dermatitis. In such a situation, however, iodine seems to be the true hapten. Contact allergens Prilocaine in a local anesthetic of the amide group. It can induce allergic contact dermatitis, particularly from EMLA cream. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments An iodophore antiseptic, povidone iodine is rapidly bactericidal (against gram-positive and – negative bacteria) at low concentration. Also fungicidal and sporicidal (as a 1% aqueous solution). It is commonly used as a topical pre-surgical skin cleaner/antiseptic, but is infrequently used in small animal dermatology due to its drying, irritating and staining effects. Povidone acts by slowly releasing iodine to tissues. Indicated for superficial pyoderma and Malassezia dermatitis. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments Dilute solutions of povidone iodine (1% – 5%) have been utilized for chemical debridement of loose epithelium in canine indolent ulcers. 5% povidone iodine has also been used as an antifungal for fungal keratitis, but must be lavaged from the eye within 5 minutes to prevent damage to corneal epithelium. Generally, povidone iodine is only used once daily and then rinsed off when used in the eye as an anti-fungal. There has also been a renewed interest in utilizing povidone iodine in treating feline herpes keratitis. Solutions of commercially available 10% povidone iodine are diluted in physiologic saline to concentrations of 0.5 – 1% and applied 1 drop twice to four times daily for treatment of chronic feline herpes keratitis and may also be used prophylactically for feline herpes-virus (FHV) cats with a history of recurring ulcer.   Povidone iodine Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Polyvinylpyrrolidone-->iodine

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Povidone iodine Basic information Topical disinfectants Physical and Chemical Properties Pharmacodynamics Indications Side effects Precautions Uses Product Name: Povidone iodine Synonyms: PovidoneIodine(Betadine;1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone homopolymer compound with iron;disadined.p.;disphex;efo-dine;inadine;iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidonecomplex;poly(1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene)iodinecomplex CAS: 25655-41-8 MF: C6H9I2NO MW: 364.95 EINECS: 607-771-8 Product Categories: API;Polymers;Heterocycles;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;disinfectant;Iodine bactericidal action;VX:15689727968;25655-41-8 Mol File: 25655-41-8.mol   Povidone iodine Chemical Properties Melting point  300 °C storage temp.  Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature solubility  H2O: soluble100mg/mL form  Powder color  Yellow-brown Water Solubility  Soluble in water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol. Insoluble in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, hexane, acetone and petroleum ether. Merck  13,7784 InChIKey FAAHNQAYWKTLFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 25655-41-8(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System Povidone-iodine (25655-41-8)   Safety Information Safety Statements  24/25-22 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  TR1579600 TSCA  Yes HS Code  29339900 Hazardous Substances Data 25655-41-8(Hazardous Substances Data) MSDS Information Provider Language Betadine English ACROS English   Povidone iodine Usage And Synthesis Topical disinfectants Povidone iodine is an unstable complex formed from the complexation of iodine with a surfactant, belonging to a type of topical iodine disinfectant. At room temperature, it is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder which is soluble in water or ethanol but insoluble in ether or chloroform. Thevinyl-2-pyrrolidone homopolymer inside it is a kind of surfactants which can facilitate the wetting and penetration of solution on the object, thereby enhancing the sterilization effect of iodine. Of which 80 to 90% of the binding iodine can be depolymerization into free iodine with a large the concentration and a strong bactericidal capability. It is tasteless, non-irritating, non-allergenic, and of low toxicity. It is a kind of broad-spectrum fungicide which can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa. At a concentration of 15ppm, within 1 minute, it can kill various kinds of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) propagules; it takes a relative long time for it to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis; killing fungi (B. subtilis) takes 1.5 hours; killing black variant of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus requires higher concentrations and longer time; at a concentration of 150ppm, within 10 minutes, it can destroy the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In addition to be applied for the skin disinfection, this product can also be used for disinfecting of metallic medical equipment, utensils and the like. It is usually read or amber in the concentration for disinfection which can not only be directly applied to the skin or meninges of the surgical incision site of a patient, but also used for the in vitro flushing purposes in obstetrics and urology. When its concentration is reduced to below 10ppm, it turns white or pale yellow and loses bactericidal activity. Physical and Chemical Properties Povidone iodine is a loose complex formed through the association of elemental iodine with polymer carrier with povidone playing a role of carrier and facilitating solubilization. At room temperature, it is yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder. It is slightly odor, easily soluble in water or alcohol with its aqueous solution being acidic; it is also insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, ethane and carbon tetrachloride. The aqueous solution of povidone iodine has no disadvantages of iodine tincture with a light color and being easy to subject to washing. It has a small irritating effect on mucous membrane, and no alcohol deiodination, and free of corrosion effect and has a low toxicity. Figure 1: The molecular structure of povidone-iodine. Pharmacodynamics Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Povidone-iodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria. The above information is edited by the chemicalbook of Dai Xiongfeng. Indications The major indications of Povidone iodine are as follows: 1. it can be used for treating suppurative dermatitis, fungal skin infection, and small area of mild burns; can also be used for disinfection of small area of skin and mucous membrane wound. 2.It can be used for the prevention and tropic disinfection of various kinds of diseases such as bacterial and mould vaginitis, cervical erosion, trichomonas vaginitis, genital itching, smelly genital infection, yellow and smelly leucorrhea, comprehensive genital inflammation, elderly vaginitis, herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis and genital warts. 3. It can be used for treating glans inflammation, posthitis, and the disinfection of genitalia and the surrounding area. Also used for the prevention and tropical treatment and disinfection of gonorrhea, syphilis, and genital warts. 4.it can be applied to the disinfection of cutlery and tableware. 5. it can be used or the disinfection surgical area of skin. Side effects It can cause allergic reactions and irritation on the skin and mucous membrane, but is relatively mild compared with the stimulus of iodine. Adverse reactions are rare. But external use for pregnant and lactating women and infants can lead to obvious absorption of iodine which can cause common reactions such as local irritation and burning feeling. Large-scale and long-term application can occasionally cause neutropenia syndrome with severe burning cases can cause metabolic acidosis, liver damage, and contact dermatitis, hypothyroidism and iodine poisoning. Precautions 1. Patients being allergic to this good or iodine should be disabled. 2. For patients of non-toxic gum-like thyroid tumor or with burning area higher than 20%, big open wounds, patients treated with lithium and patients with thyroid disease are not recommended for local application or long-term application. Patients of liver dysfunction or burning injury are not recommended to apply. Pregnant women and children (especially newborns) should apply with caution. 3. During the application of povidone iodine, the following physiological parameters should be monitored: protein binding efficiency, renal function, and the electrolyte content. For newborns infant, T4 and TSH need to be measured every 7 to 10 days. Uses 1. It has bactericidal effect like iodine. It can be used as disinfectant and bacteriostatic agent in the medicine for anti-septic purposes for eye drops, nasal drops, and cream agents. It can also be made into disinfectant. 2. It is mainly used for the skin disinfection and equipment disinfection in hospital surgery and injections as well as prevention of infection in the field of stomatology, gynecology, surgery, and dermatology; it can also be used for disinfection of household utensils and appliances; for food industry and aquaculture industry, it is used for disinfection and animal disease control. It is the preferred international and domestic choice of medical iodine-contained fungicides and disinfectants for epidemic prevention. 3. It is a kind of iodine carrier, the so-called “tamed iodine”. Because this product can gradually release iodine to exert an antibacterial effect; its mechanism of action is through causing the protein denaturation and further death of bacteria. It is effective in treating bacteria, fungi, as well as viruses with a relative small tissue irritation effect. Description Povidone-iodine is a microcide with broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans. It reduces total anaerobic and aerobic bacterial counts in vitro in dog feces when applied topically as a 10% solution. Povidone-iodine decreases bacterial counts and the occurrence of anastomotic leaks in a dog model of emergent resection and anastomosis of the sigmoid colon when applied in situ at a concentration of 10% v/v. Topical administration of povidone-iodine (10% v/v) also reduces bacterial counts on the skin of cynomolgus monkeys. Formulations containing povidone-iodine have been used to disinfect skin before and after surgery. Description Povidone-iodine is an iodophor. A 10% povidoneiodine solution contains 1% available iodine, but free iodine is at a concentration of 0.001%. Occupational exposure can cause irritant rather than allergie contact dermatitis in healtheare workers. Chemical Properties yellowish to reddish-brown powder Originator Betadine ,Purdue Frederick ,US ,1957 Uses Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex is used as a slow iodine release formulation that iodinates lipids and oxidizes cell compounds such as tyrosine side chains. It is utilized to study microbial decontamination of human donor eyes as well as inactivation of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. It is also used as a carbon nanotube coating agent to enhance water solubility. It serves as a topical antiseptic in surgery, as an aerosol for skin and mucous membrane infections and is used to prevent infection in wounds. Uses Topical anti-infective Uses PVP-I is a broad spectrum antiseptic for topical application. It is used in first aid for minor cuts, grazes, burns, abrasions and blisters. PVP-I has broad applications in medicine as a surgical scrub; for pre- and post-operative skin cleansing; for the Manufacturing Process 12 g of dry polyvinylpyrrolidone having a K value of 90 (water content about 2 to 3%) was added to 6 g of solid iodine crystals in a glass bottle containing a few pebbles and beads. This was rolled for 3 days on a roller mill with occasional manual stirring to loosen the material caked on the sides of the bottle. Analysis showed that the thus-obtained product contained 35.4% total iodine and 31.91% available iodine. The material was heat-treated at 95°C for 64 hours in a closed glass bottle with occasional stirring. On completion of this treatment, analysis showed that the material contained 35.3% total iodine, 25.7% available iodine, according to US Patent 2,706,701. Brand name Betadine (Alcon); E-Z Prep (Becton Dickinson Microbiology). Therapeutic Function Topical antiinfective Contact allergens Povidone-iodine is iodophor, used as a topical antiseptic. A 10% povidone-iodine solution contains 1% available iodine, but free-iodine is at 0.1% concentration. Skin exposure causes irritant rather than allergic contact dermatitis. In such a situation, however, iodine seems to be the true hapten. Contact allergens Prilocaine in a local anesthetic of the amide group. It can induce allergic contact dermatitis, particularly from EMLA cream. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments An iodophore antiseptic, povidone iodine is rapidly bactericidal (against gram-positive and – negative bacteria) at low concentration. Also fungicidal and sporicidal (as a 1% aqueous solution). It is commonly used as a topical pre-surgical skin cleaner/antiseptic, but is infrequently used in small animal dermatology due to its drying, irritating and staining effects. Povidone acts by slowly releasing iodine to tissues. Indicated for superficial pyoderma and Malassezia dermatitis. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments Dilute solutions of povidone iodine (1% – 5%) have been utilized for chemical debridement of loose epithelium in canine indolent ulcers. 5% povidone iodine has also been used as an antifungal for fungal keratitis, but must be lavaged from the eye within 5 minutes to prevent damage to corneal epithelium. Generally, povidone iodine is only used once daily and then rinsed off when used in the eye as an anti-fungal. There has also been a renewed interest in utilizing povidone iodine in treating feline herpes keratitis. Solutions of commercially available 10% povidone iodine are diluted in physiologic saline to concentrations of 0.5 – 1% and applied 1 drop twice to four times daily for treatment of chronic feline herpes keratitis and may also be used prophylactically for feline herpes-virus (FHV) cats with a history of recurring ulcer.   Povidone iodine Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Polyvinylpyrrolidone-->iodine