China Largest Manufacturer factory sales Battery Grade & Industrial Grade Lithium carbonate CAS 554-13-2 CAS NO.554-13-2

                                PRODUCT DETAILS       

Lithium carbonate Basic information Description Chemical Properties Uses Toxicity Preparation Reactions Product Name: Lithium carbonate Synonyms: Camcolit;Candamide;Carbolith;Carbolithium;Carbolitium;Carbonic acid lithium salt (Li2CO3);Ceglution;CP 15467-61 CAS: 554-13-2 MF: CLi2O3 MW: 73.89 EINECS: 209-062-5 Product Categories: Lithium Salts;Materials Science;metal carbonate;Aliphatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Metal and Ceramic Science;Inorganic Chemicals;Inorganics;Analytical Reagents;Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS);Digestion Reagents;Pure Salts for Melting Digestions (Trace SELECT)Analytical/Chromatography;Trace Analysis Reagents;Pharmaceuticals;Inorganic BasesMetal and Ceramic Science;Chemical Synthesis;Lithium Salts;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;Inorganic Bases;ACS GradeChemical Synthesis;Essential Chemicals;Routine Reagents;E-L, Puriss p.a. ACSStains and Dyes;Analytical Reagents for General Use;J-K-L;Puriss p.a. ACS;Stains&Dyes, A to;Metal and Ceramic Science Mol File: 554-13-2.mol   Lithium carbonate Chemical Properties Melting point  720 °C Boiling point  1342 °C(lit.) density  2.11 g/mL at 25 °C Fp  1310°C storage temp.  Store at +5°C to +30°C. solubility  13g/l pka pKa 6.38 (Uncertain);10.25 (Uncertain) form  wire color  White Specific Gravity 2.11 PH 10-11 (5g/l, H2O, 20℃) Water Solubility  13 g/L (20 ºC) Merck  14,5527 Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) pKsp: 1.6 BRN  3999191 InChIKey XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L CAS DataBase Reference 554-13-2(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Lithium carbonate(554-13-2) EPA Substance Registry System Lithium carbonate (554-13-2)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn,C,F Risk Statements  36/38-41-36/37/38-22-36-34-20/21/22-15-14-11 Safety Statements  8-43-45-37/39-26-36/37-24/25-36/37/39-16-7/8-3/7/9 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  OJ5800000 F  10 TSCA  Yes HS Code  28369100 Hazardous Substances Data 554-13-2(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in rats: 0.71 g/kg (Smyth) MSDS Information Provider Language ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Lithium carbonate Usage And Synthesis Description Lithium carbonate (molecular structure is Li2CO3, English name is lithium carbonate) as a colorless monoclinic crystal or white powder. Density is 2.11. Melting point is 618 ℃. Without deliquescence, it is stable in the air. Low solubility in water, the solubility decreases with increasing temperature. Solubility in cold water is greater than hot water. It is Soluble in dilute acid, insoluble in alcohol and acetone. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the aqueous suspension of lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate is converted to lithium acid carbonate and dissolved. If the solution of lithium acid carbonate is heated and then it releases carbon dioxide and precipitates lithium carbonate. The nature of the lithium carbonate may be used to remove impurities from lithium carbonate. Since lithium ion has a strong polarizability, thus thermal stability of lithium carbonate is worse than other alkali metal carbonate, when heated to above the melting point, it will decompose to produce carbon dioxide and lithium oxide. Chemical Properties Lithium carbonate is a white monoclinic crystalline solid. Typically for carbonates, lithium carbonate reacts with acids stronger than carbon dioxide or carbonic acid to yield the lithium salt of the acid and carbon dioxide. The reactions may be carried out in a solution, as an aqueous slurry, or, less effectively, with solid lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate exhibits a low water solubility for an alkali metal carbonate. The solubility decreases with increasing temperature. It is not hygroscopic and is generally stable when exposed to the atmosphere. In fact, it is the normal end compound encountered when many basic lithium compounds are exposed to the atmosphere. Lithium carbonate may be dissolved in water by conversion to the hydrogen carbonate. Releasing carbon dioxide by heating the solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate causes reprecipitation of the lithium carbonate. Uses The lithium carbonate industry is a global high monopoly industry, the current production capacity is mainly concentrated in three foreign manufacturers of SQM, FMC, Chemetall and so on. Industrial lithium carbonate is used in the manufacture of other lithium salts, such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide and so on. It also acts as lithium oxide materials in enamel, glass, pottery and porcelain enamel, and it is also added to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis of aluminum to increase the current efficiency and reduce the internal resistance of the cell and the bath temperature. In medicine, it is mainly used for the treatment of mania, can improve their emotional disorders for schizophrenia. It has the effect of elevating peripheral leukocytes; can be used for synthetic rubber, dyes, semiconductor and military defense industry and so on; for the production of lithium tantalate, lithium niobate and other acoustic grade single crystal, optical grade monocrystalline etc; for preparation of the acoustic grade single crystal.  Battery grade lithium carbonate is mainly used for the preparation of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and other lithium ion battery cathode materials; used in a matrix modifier; as aneuroprotective effect of lithium carbonate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxicity Lithium carbonate has a significant stimulating effect, firstly has damage on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and central nervous system. Toxicity order of lithium compounds is Li Wear rubber gloves and protective masks when working, in order to protect the respiratory organs against dust. Preparation Lithium carbonate is obtained as an intermediate product in recovery of lithium metal from its ore, spodumene (See Lithium). It is prepared by mixing a hot and concentrated solution of sodium carbonate with lithium chloride or sulfate solution. Li2SO4+ Na2CO3→Li2CO3+ Na2SO4 Reactions Lithium carbonate reacts with dilute acids, liberating carbon dioxide: Li2CO3+ HCl →LiCl + CO2+ H2O Thermal decompostion yields lithium oxide and carbon dioxide: Li2CO3 → Li2O + CO2 Reaction with lime produces lithium hydroxide: Li2CO3+ Ca(OH)2→2LiOH + CaCO3 The carbonate reacts with molten aluminum fluoride converting to lithium fluoride: 3Li2CO3+ 2AlF3 → 6LiF + 3CO2+ Al2O3 It combines with carbon dioxide in aqueous slurry forming soluble bicarbonate, which decomposes to carbonate upon heating: Li2CO3+ CO2+ H2O →2LiHCO3 The bicarbonate can not be separated in solid form. It exists only in solution when carbonate dissolves in water saturated with CO2under pressure. Chemical Properties Lithium carbonate is a white hygroscopic powder. Physical properties White monoclinic crystals; refractive index 1.428; density 2.11 g/cm3; melts at 723°C; decomposes at 1,310°C; low solubility in water (1.54 g/100g) at 0°C; 1.32 g//100g at 20°C), solubility decrease with temperature (0.72g/100g at 100°C); insoluble in acetone and ethanol. Uses The most common lithium drug is lithium carbonate, which possesses antimania action. It is presumed that lithium alters the transport of sodium ions in neurons, thus influencing the intercellular contents of catecholamines, normalizing the mental state and not causing general lethargy. It is used for mania conditions of various origins, preventative measures, and for treating affective psychoses. Uses Lithium carbonate is used as a compound for producing metallic lithium. Lithium carbonate is the result of treating the mineral spodumene with sulfuric acid and then adding calcium carbonate. It is used as an antidepressant. Uses In the production of glazes on ceramic and electrical porcelain. Preparation Lithium carbonate is prepared by the precipitation of lithium ion by carbonate ion from an aqueous solution. Still another process, which is carried out on a smaller scale, is the reaction of a solution of lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide gas. Lithium carbonate precipitates and is recovered from the supernatant solution. Definition lithium carbonate: A white solid,Li2CO3; r.d. 2.11; m.p. 723°C; decomposesabove 1310°C. It is producedcommercially by treating the ore with sulphuric acid at 250°C andleaching the product to give a solutionof lithium sulphate. The carbonateis then obtained by precipitationwith sodium carbonate solution.Lithium carbonate is used in the preventionand treatment of manicdepressivedisorders. It is also usedindustrially in ceramic glazes. Indications Lithium inhibits thyroidal incorporation of I- into Tg, as well as the secretion of thyroid hormones, but it does not inhibit the activity of the Na+-I- symporter or the accumulation of I- within the thyroid. Lithium offers no particular advantage over drugs of the thionamide class but may be employed for temporary control of thyrotoxicosis in patients who are allergic to both thionamides and iodide. Brand name Eskalith (GlaxoSmithKline); Lithane (Bayer); Lithobid (JDS); Lithonate (Solvay Pharmaceuticals). General Description Lithiumcarbonate (Eskalith, Lithane) and lithium citrate(Cibalith-S) are the salts commercially available in theUnited States. Reactivity Profile A base. Decomposed by acids with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Fluorine burns fiercely on contact with Lithium carbonate. Clinical Use Treatment and prophylaxis of mania, manic depressive illness, and recurrent depression Aggressive or self-mutilating behaviour Safety Profile Human carcinogenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: toxic psychosis, tremors, changes in fluid intake, muscle weakness, increased urine volume, nausea or vomiting, allergic dermatitis. Human reproductive effects by ingestion: effects on newborn, including Apgar score changes and other neonatal measures or effects. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal systems. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Experimental carcinogen producing leukemia and thyroid tumors. Human mutation data reported. Used in the treatment of manic-depressive psychoses. Incompatible with fluorine. See also LITHIUM COMPOUNDS. Chemical Synthesis Lithium carbonate is synthesized by reacting lithium salts with soda or potash, followed by purification of the salt, which is not readily soluble [75]. Potential Exposure Lithium carbonate is used in treatment of manic-depressive psychoses; to make ceramics and porcelain glaze; varnishes, dyes, pharmaceuticals, coating of arc-welding electrodes; battery alloys; nucleonics, luminescent paints; glass ceramics; lubricating greases; in aluminum production Drug interactions Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists: lithium excretion reduced - avoid. Analgesics: NSAIDs and ketorolac reduce excretion of lithium. Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with amiodarone - avoid. Antidepressants: increased risk of CNS effects with SSRIs; risk of toxicity with tricyclics; possible increased serotonergic effects with venlafaxine. Antipsychotics: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects and possibly neurotoxicity with clozapine, flupentixol, haloperidol, phenothiazines, risperidone or zuclopenthixol; increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects with sulpiride; possible risk of toxicity with olanzapine. Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with arsenic trioxide. Dapoxetine: increased risk of serotonergic effects - avoid. Diuretics: lithium excretion reduced by loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, aldosterone antagonists and thiazides; lithium excretion increased by acetazolamide. Methyldopa: neurotoxicity may occur without increased lithium levels. Metabolism Lithium is excreted mainly unchanged in the urine; only a small amount can be detected in the faeces, saliva, and sweat. Shipping UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required Purification Methods Crystallise it from water. Its solubility decreases as the temperature is raised. The solubility in H2O is 1.3% at ~10o, and 0.7% at ~100o. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987 1963, Caley & Elving Inorg Synth I 1 1939.] Incompatibilities The aqueous solution is a strong base. Reacts violently with acids, powdered calcium and fluorine.Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong acids, powdered calcium, fluorine, moisture. Corrodes aluminum, copper, zinc.   Lithium carbonate Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Sulfuric acid-->Sodium carbonate-->CALCIUM CARBONATE-->Barium chloride-->Lithium hydroxide monohydrate-->BITTERN-->spodumene-->Lithium oxide Preparation Products Lithium chloride-->Lithium hydroxide-->Lithium hydroxide monohydrate-->Polyamide-->Lithium bromide-->Deflazacort-->1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE-->LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE-->LITHIUM MANGANITE-->Lithium nitrate-->Lithium sulfate-->LITHIUM NIOBATE-->Lithium acetate dihydrate-->Lithium phosphate-->Lithium fluoride-->ethyl (Z)-oct-4-enoate-->FEMA 3148-->Lithium bis(oxalate)borate

                                                              About US 
Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

                                                                       Group profiles

Our Factories production lines

                                                   Our Factories R&D ability

                        Our Factories warehouse 

                                                       Product information

Lithium carbonate Basic information Description Chemical Properties Uses Toxicity Preparation Reactions Product Name: Lithium carbonate Synonyms: Camcolit;Candamide;Carbolith;Carbolithium;Carbolitium;Carbonic acid lithium salt (Li2CO3);Ceglution;CP 15467-61 CAS: 554-13-2 MF: CLi2O3 MW: 73.89 EINECS: 209-062-5 Product Categories: Lithium Salts;Materials Science;metal carbonate;Aliphatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Metal and Ceramic Science;Inorganic Chemicals;Inorganics;Analytical Reagents;Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS);Digestion Reagents;Pure Salts for Melting Digestions (Trace SELECT)Analytical/Chromatography;Trace Analysis Reagents;Pharmaceuticals;Inorganic BasesMetal and Ceramic Science;Chemical Synthesis;Lithium Salts;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;Inorganic Bases;ACS GradeChemical Synthesis;Essential Chemicals;Routine Reagents;E-L, Puriss p.a. ACSStains and Dyes;Analytical Reagents for General Use;J-K-L;Puriss p.a. ACS;Stains&Dyes, A to;Metal and Ceramic Science Mol File: 554-13-2.mol   Lithium carbonate Chemical Properties Melting point  720 °C Boiling point  1342 °C(lit.) density  2.11 g/mL at 25 °C Fp  1310°C storage temp.  Store at +5°C to +30°C. solubility  13g/l pka pKa 6.38 (Uncertain);10.25 (Uncertain) form  wire color  White Specific Gravity 2.11 PH 10-11 (5g/l, H2O, 20℃) Water Solubility  13 g/L (20 ºC) Merck  14,5527 Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) pKsp: 1.6 BRN  3999191 InChIKey XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L CAS DataBase Reference 554-13-2(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Lithium carbonate(554-13-2) EPA Substance Registry System Lithium carbonate (554-13-2)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn,C,F Risk Statements  36/38-41-36/37/38-22-36-34-20/21/22-15-14-11 Safety Statements  8-43-45-37/39-26-36/37-24/25-36/37/39-16-7/8-3/7/9 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  OJ5800000 F  10 TSCA  Yes HS Code  28369100 Hazardous Substances Data 554-13-2(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in rats: 0.71 g/kg (Smyth) MSDS Information Provider Language ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Lithium carbonate Usage And Synthesis Description Lithium carbonate (molecular structure is Li2CO3, English name is lithium carbonate) as a colorless monoclinic crystal or white powder. Density is 2.11. Melting point is 618 ℃. Without deliquescence, it is stable in the air. Low solubility in water, the solubility decreases with increasing temperature. Solubility in cold water is greater than hot water. It is Soluble in dilute acid, insoluble in alcohol and acetone. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the aqueous suspension of lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate is converted to lithium acid carbonate and dissolved. If the solution of lithium acid carbonate is heated and then it releases carbon dioxide and precipitates lithium carbonate. The nature of the lithium carbonate may be used to remove impurities from lithium carbonate. Since lithium ion has a strong polarizability, thus thermal stability of lithium carbonate is worse than other alkali metal carbonate, when heated to above the melting point, it will decompose to produce carbon dioxide and lithium oxide. Chemical Properties Lithium carbonate is a white monoclinic crystalline solid. Typically for carbonates, lithium carbonate reacts with acids stronger than carbon dioxide or carbonic acid to yield the lithium salt of the acid and carbon dioxide. The reactions may be carried out in a solution, as an aqueous slurry, or, less effectively, with solid lithium carbonate. Lithium carbonate exhibits a low water solubility for an alkali metal carbonate. The solubility decreases with increasing temperature. It is not hygroscopic and is generally stable when exposed to the atmosphere. In fact, it is the normal end compound encountered when many basic lithium compounds are exposed to the atmosphere. Lithium carbonate may be dissolved in water by conversion to the hydrogen carbonate. Releasing carbon dioxide by heating the solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate causes reprecipitation of the lithium carbonate. Uses The lithium carbonate industry is a global high monopoly industry, the current production capacity is mainly concentrated in three foreign manufacturers of SQM, FMC, Chemetall and so on. Industrial lithium carbonate is used in the manufacture of other lithium salts, such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide and so on. It also acts as lithium oxide materials in enamel, glass, pottery and porcelain enamel, and it is also added to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis of aluminum to increase the current efficiency and reduce the internal resistance of the cell and the bath temperature. In medicine, it is mainly used for the treatment of mania, can improve their emotional disorders for schizophrenia. It has the effect of elevating peripheral leukocytes; can be used for synthetic rubber, dyes, semiconductor and military defense industry and so on; for the production of lithium tantalate, lithium niobate and other acoustic grade single crystal, optical grade monocrystalline etc; for preparation of the acoustic grade single crystal.  Battery grade lithium carbonate is mainly used for the preparation of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and other lithium ion battery cathode materials; used in a matrix modifier; as aneuroprotective effect of lithium carbonate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Toxicity Lithium carbonate has a significant stimulating effect, firstly has damage on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney and central nervous system. Toxicity order of lithium compounds is Li Wear rubber gloves and protective masks when working, in order to protect the respiratory organs against dust. Preparation Lithium carbonate is obtained as an intermediate product in recovery of lithium metal from its ore, spodumene (See Lithium). It is prepared by mixing a hot and concentrated solution of sodium carbonate with lithium chloride or sulfate solution. Li2SO4+ Na2CO3→Li2CO3+ Na2SO4 Reactions Lithium carbonate reacts with dilute acids, liberating carbon dioxide: Li2CO3+ HCl →LiCl + CO2+ H2O Thermal decompostion yields lithium oxide and carbon dioxide: Li2CO3 → Li2O + CO2 Reaction with lime produces lithium hydroxide: Li2CO3+ Ca(OH)2→2LiOH + CaCO3 The carbonate reacts with molten aluminum fluoride converting to lithium fluoride: 3Li2CO3+ 2AlF3 → 6LiF + 3CO2+ Al2O3 It combines with carbon dioxide in aqueous slurry forming soluble bicarbonate, which decomposes to carbonate upon heating: Li2CO3+ CO2+ H2O →2LiHCO3 The bicarbonate can not be separated in solid form. It exists only in solution when carbonate dissolves in water saturated with CO2under pressure. Chemical Properties Lithium carbonate is a white hygroscopic powder. Physical properties White monoclinic crystals; refractive index 1.428; density 2.11 g/cm3; melts at 723°C; decomposes at 1,310°C; low solubility in water (1.54 g/100g) at 0°C; 1.32 g//100g at 20°C), solubility decrease with temperature (0.72g/100g at 100°C); insoluble in acetone and ethanol. Uses The most common lithium drug is lithium carbonate, which possesses antimania action. It is presumed that lithium alters the transport of sodium ions in neurons, thus influencing the intercellular contents of catecholamines, normalizing the mental state and not causing general lethargy. It is used for mania conditions of various origins, preventative measures, and for treating affective psychoses. Uses Lithium carbonate is used as a compound for producing metallic lithium. Lithium carbonate is the result of treating the mineral spodumene with sulfuric acid and then adding calcium carbonate. It is used as an antidepressant. Uses In the production of glazes on ceramic and electrical porcelain. Preparation Lithium carbonate is prepared by the precipitation of lithium ion by carbonate ion from an aqueous solution. Still another process, which is carried out on a smaller scale, is the reaction of a solution of lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide gas. Lithium carbonate precipitates and is recovered from the supernatant solution. Definition lithium carbonate: A white solid,Li2CO3; r.d. 2.11; m.p. 723°C; decomposesabove 1310°C. It is producedcommercially by treating the ore with sulphuric acid at 250°C andleaching the product to give a solutionof lithium sulphate. The carbonateis then obtained by precipitationwith sodium carbonate solution.Lithium carbonate is used in the preventionand treatment of manicdepressivedisorders. It is also usedindustrially in ceramic glazes. Indications Lithium inhibits thyroidal incorporation of I- into Tg, as well as the secretion of thyroid hormones, but it does not inhibit the activity of the Na+-I- symporter or the accumulation of I- within the thyroid. Lithium offers no particular advantage over drugs of the thionamide class but may be employed for temporary control of thyrotoxicosis in patients who are allergic to both thionamides and iodide. Brand name Eskalith (GlaxoSmithKline); Lithane (Bayer); Lithobid (JDS); Lithonate (Solvay Pharmaceuticals). General Description Lithiumcarbonate (Eskalith, Lithane) and lithium citrate(Cibalith-S) are the salts commercially available in theUnited States. Reactivity Profile A base. Decomposed by acids with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Fluorine burns fiercely on contact with Lithium carbonate. Clinical Use Treatment and prophylaxis of mania, manic depressive illness, and recurrent depression Aggressive or self-mutilating behaviour Safety Profile Human carcinogenic data. Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion: toxic psychosis, tremors, changes in fluid intake, muscle weakness, increased urine volume, nausea or vomiting, allergic dermatitis. Human reproductive effects by ingestion: effects on newborn, including Apgar score changes and other neonatal measures or effects. Human teratogenic effects by ingestion: developmental abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal systems. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Experimental carcinogen producing leukemia and thyroid tumors. Human mutation data reported. Used in the treatment of manic-depressive psychoses. Incompatible with fluorine. See also LITHIUM COMPOUNDS. Chemical Synthesis Lithium carbonate is synthesized by reacting lithium salts with soda or potash, followed by purification of the salt, which is not readily soluble [75]. Potential Exposure Lithium carbonate is used in treatment of manic-depressive psychoses; to make ceramics and porcelain glaze; varnishes, dyes, pharmaceuticals, coating of arc-welding electrodes; battery alloys; nucleonics, luminescent paints; glass ceramics; lubricating greases; in aluminum production Drug interactions Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs ACE inhibitors and angiotensin-II antagonists: lithium excretion reduced - avoid. Analgesics: NSAIDs and ketorolac reduce excretion of lithium. Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with amiodarone - avoid. Antidepressants: increased risk of CNS effects with SSRIs; risk of toxicity with tricyclics; possible increased serotonergic effects with venlafaxine. Antipsychotics: increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects and possibly neurotoxicity with clozapine, flupentixol, haloperidol, phenothiazines, risperidone or zuclopenthixol; increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects with sulpiride; possible risk of toxicity with olanzapine. Cytotoxics: increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias with arsenic trioxide. Dapoxetine: increased risk of serotonergic effects - avoid. Diuretics: lithium excretion reduced by loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, aldosterone antagonists and thiazides; lithium excretion increased by acetazolamide. Methyldopa: neurotoxicity may occur without increased lithium levels. Metabolism Lithium is excreted mainly unchanged in the urine; only a small amount can be detected in the faeces, saliva, and sweat. Shipping UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required Purification Methods Crystallise it from water. Its solubility decreases as the temperature is raised. The solubility in H2O is 1.3% at ~10o, and 0.7% at ~100o. [D.nges in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 987 1963, Caley & Elving Inorg Synth I 1 1939.] Incompatibilities The aqueous solution is a strong base. Reacts violently with acids, powdered calcium and fluorine.Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong acids, powdered calcium, fluorine, moisture. Corrodes aluminum, copper, zinc.   Lithium carbonate Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Sulfuric acid-->Sodium carbonate-->CALCIUM CARBONATE-->Barium chloride-->Lithium hydroxide monohydrate-->BITTERN-->spodumene-->Lithium oxide Preparation Products Lithium chloride-->Lithium hydroxide-->Lithium hydroxide monohydrate-->Polyamide-->Lithium bromide-->Deflazacort-->1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE-->LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE-->LITHIUM MANGANITE-->Lithium nitrate-->Lithium sulfate-->LITHIUM NIOBATE-->Lithium acetate dihydrate-->Lithium phosphate-->Lithium fluoride-->ethyl (Z)-oct-4-enoate-->FEMA 3148-->Lithium bis(oxalate)borate