China Largest Factory Manufacturer sales Guaifenesin CAS 93-14-1 CAS NO.93-14-1

                                PRODUCT DETAILS       

Guaifenesin Basic information Description References Product Name: Guaifenesin Synonyms: 1,2-Dihydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-;2/G;2-G;3-(2-Methoxyphenosy)-1,2-propamediol;3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanediol;3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanediol CAS: 93-14-1 MF: C10H14O4 MW: 198.22 EINECS: 202-222-5 Product Categories: Building Blocks;C10;Chemical Synthesis;Ethers;Organic Building Blocks;Oxygen Compounds;Aromatics Compounds;Aromatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;API's;Methocarbamol;API;MUCINEX;Benzhydrols, Benzyl & Special Alcohols Mol File: 93-14-1.mol   Guaifenesin Chemical Properties Melting point  77-81 °C Boiling point  215 °C (19 mmHg) density  1.1825 (rough estimate) refractive index  1.5550 (estimate) Fp  215°C/19mm storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  50g/l (experimental) form  neat pka 13.53±0.20(Predicted) color  White to Off-White Water Solubility  5 g/100 mL (25 ºC) Merck  14,4555 BRN  2049375 InChIKey HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 93-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference 3-(O-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol(93-14-1) EPA Substance Registry System Guaifenesin (93-14-1)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn Risk Statements  22-36/37/38 Safety Statements  26-36 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  TY8400000 Hazard Note  Harmful TSCA  Yes HS Code  29093090 Hazardous Substances Data 93-14-1(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 oral in rabbit: 2553mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Guaifenesin Usage And Synthesis Description Guaifenesin is an oral expectorant drug. The expectorant action of guaifenesin is mediated by stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a common ingredient in prescription and over-the-counter medications used to treat cough due to colds and minor upper respiratory infections. References [1] Peter V. Dicpinigaitis and Yvonne E. Gayle, Effect of Guaifenesin on Cough Reflex Sensitivity, 2003, vol. 124, 2178-2181 [2] Leonid Kagan, Eran Lavy and Ammon Hoffmann, Effect of mode of administration on guaifenesin pharmacokinetics and expectorant action in the rat model, Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2009, vol. 22, 260-265 Description Guaifenesin was originally derived from the guaiac tree and used by Native Americans for health purposes. Synthesis of guaifenesin was first reported in 1912. Guaifenesin has been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases since the nineteenth century. The United States’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved guaifenesin for use in overthe- counter medications in 1989. Guaifenesin is widely consumed alone and combined with antihistamines, cough suppressants, and decongestants. Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting muscle relaxant and is used routinely in combination with analgesics and sedatives in large-animal veterinary surgery. Chemical Properties White Solid Originator GG Cen,Central,US,1975 Uses Centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties Uses Used to assist the expectoration of phlegm from the airways in acute respiratory tract infections. Uses Guaifenesin is commonly used as an expectorant. Guaifenesin comes in tablet and capsule form, as syrup, as dissolving granules, and recently as an extended-release (longacting) tablet. The tablets, capsules, dissolving granules, and syrup are usually taken with or without food every 4 h as needed. The extended-release tablet is usually taken with or without food every 12 h. In veterinary medicine, guaifenesin is given intravenously to induce muscle relaxation when administering anesthesia. It relaxes both laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, allowing easier intubation. Guaifenesin is also used in the treatment of horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis and in dogs with strychnine intoxication. Manufacturing Process A mixture of o-methoxyphenol (57 g), glycidol (32 g) and pyridine (1 g) is warmed to 95°C at which temperature a vigorous reaction takes place. The reaction mixture is cooled to prevent the temperature rising above 110°C. When the exothermic reaction has subsided the reactants are heated at 95°C for one hour longer and then distilled under low pressure. The main fraction boils in the range 176°C to 180°C/0.5 mm. It crystallizes on cooling. Recrystallization from benzene gives the pure product, MP 78.5°C to 79.0°C. Brand name Mucinex (Adams). Therapeutic Function Expectorant General Description Guaifenesin is an expectorant, widely used in the treatment of cough. Its mode of action involves the alleviating of cough discomfort by increasing sputum volume and decreasing its viscosity, thus resulting in effective cough. Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. Mechanism of action Guaiphenesin facilitates secretion from bronchial mucous membranes, thus relieving a cough in colds, bronchitis, and bronchial asthma. Chemical Synthesis Guaiphenesin, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propandiol (23.2.3), is synthesized by reacting guiacol with 3-chloropropan-1,2-diol or with glycidol. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments In veterinary medicine, guaifenesin is used to induce muscle relaxation and restraint as an adjunct to anesthesia for short procedures (30 – 60 minutes) in large and small animal species. There are combination oral products containing guaifenesin for treating respiratory conditions in horses. In human medicine, guaifenesin has long been touted as an oral expectorant, but definitive proof of its efficacy is lacking. Environmental Fate Guaifenesin’s production and use as veterinary and human medicines may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5× 10–6 mm Hg at 25 ℃ indicates that guaifenesin will exist in both the vapor and particulate phase. Based upon an estimated Henry’s law constant of 4.4 × 10-11 atm-m3 mol-1, volatilization from moist soil surfaces or from water surfaces are not expected to be important fate processes for guaifenesin. Guaifenesin is expected to have high mobility in soil based upon an organic carbon–water partition coefficient (Koc) of 140, which indicates that it will have more solubility in water and is less likely to adsorb onto organic matter in soil and plants. Toxicity evaluation Guaifenesin is an adrenergic antagonist in a class of medications called expectorants. It stimulates afferent receptors in the gastric mucosa, reflexively increasing glandular secretion by the respiratory epithelium promoting lower respiratory tract drainage by thinning bronchial secretions, lubricating irritated respiratory tract membranes through increased mucous flow, and facilitating removal of viscous mucus. The onset of action appears to be within 15–30 min. Guaifenesin is believed to alleviate cough discomfort by improving sinus and bronchial drainage, increasing sputum volume, and decreasing sputum viscosity, thereby promoting effective cough. In one study, the effect of guaifenesin to increase mucociliary clearance from the lung was greater in patients with chronic bronchitis than in healthy subjects. In another study, guaifenesin inhibited the cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with an upper respiratory tract infection (cough receptors are transiently hypersensitive), but not in healthy volunteers. Possible mechanisms include a central antitussive effect or a peripheral effect by increased sputum volume serving as a physical barrier, shielding cough receptors within the respiratory epithelium. As a centrally acting muscle relaxant, guaifenesin is believed to depress or block nerve impulse transmission at the internuncial neuron level of the subcortical areas of the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. It also has mild analgesic and sedative actions.

                                                                About Our Group

Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

                                                                      Our Group profiles

Our Factories production lines

                                                   Our Factories R&D ability

                        Our Factories warehouse 

                                                       Product information

Guaifenesin Basic information Description References Product Name: Guaifenesin Synonyms: 1,2-Dihydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-;1,2-Propanediol, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-;2/G;2-G;3-(2-Methoxyphenosy)-1,2-propamediol;3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanediol;3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-2-propanediol CAS: 93-14-1 MF: C10H14O4 MW: 198.22 EINECS: 202-222-5 Product Categories: Building Blocks;C10;Chemical Synthesis;Ethers;Organic Building Blocks;Oxygen Compounds;Aromatics Compounds;Aromatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals;API's;Methocarbamol;API;MUCINEX;Benzhydrols, Benzyl & Special Alcohols Mol File: 93-14-1.mol   Guaifenesin Chemical Properties Melting point  77-81 °C Boiling point  215 °C (19 mmHg) density  1.1825 (rough estimate) refractive index  1.5550 (estimate) Fp  215°C/19mm storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  50g/l (experimental) form  neat pka 13.53±0.20(Predicted) color  White to Off-White Water Solubility  5 g/100 mL (25 ºC) Merck  14,4555 BRN  2049375 InChIKey HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 93-14-1(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference 3-(O-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol(93-14-1) EPA Substance Registry System Guaifenesin (93-14-1)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn Risk Statements  22-36/37/38 Safety Statements  26-36 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  TY8400000 Hazard Note  Harmful TSCA  Yes HS Code  29093090 Hazardous Substances Data 93-14-1(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 oral in rabbit: 2553mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Guaifenesin Usage And Synthesis Description Guaifenesin is an oral expectorant drug. The expectorant action of guaifenesin is mediated by stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a common ingredient in prescription and over-the-counter medications used to treat cough due to colds and minor upper respiratory infections. References [1] Peter V. Dicpinigaitis and Yvonne E. Gayle, Effect of Guaifenesin on Cough Reflex Sensitivity, 2003, vol. 124, 2178-2181 [2] Leonid Kagan, Eran Lavy and Ammon Hoffmann, Effect of mode of administration on guaifenesin pharmacokinetics and expectorant action in the rat model, Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2009, vol. 22, 260-265 Description Guaifenesin was originally derived from the guaiac tree and used by Native Americans for health purposes. Synthesis of guaifenesin was first reported in 1912. Guaifenesin has been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases since the nineteenth century. The United States’ Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved guaifenesin for use in overthe- counter medications in 1989. Guaifenesin is widely consumed alone and combined with antihistamines, cough suppressants, and decongestants. Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting muscle relaxant and is used routinely in combination with analgesics and sedatives in large-animal veterinary surgery. Chemical Properties White Solid Originator GG Cen,Central,US,1975 Uses Centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties Uses Used to assist the expectoration of phlegm from the airways in acute respiratory tract infections. Uses Guaifenesin is commonly used as an expectorant. Guaifenesin comes in tablet and capsule form, as syrup, as dissolving granules, and recently as an extended-release (longacting) tablet. The tablets, capsules, dissolving granules, and syrup are usually taken with or without food every 4 h as needed. The extended-release tablet is usually taken with or without food every 12 h. In veterinary medicine, guaifenesin is given intravenously to induce muscle relaxation when administering anesthesia. It relaxes both laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, allowing easier intubation. Guaifenesin is also used in the treatment of horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis and in dogs with strychnine intoxication. Manufacturing Process A mixture of o-methoxyphenol (57 g), glycidol (32 g) and pyridine (1 g) is warmed to 95°C at which temperature a vigorous reaction takes place. The reaction mixture is cooled to prevent the temperature rising above 110°C. When the exothermic reaction has subsided the reactants are heated at 95°C for one hour longer and then distilled under low pressure. The main fraction boils in the range 176°C to 180°C/0.5 mm. It crystallizes on cooling. Recrystallization from benzene gives the pure product, MP 78.5°C to 79.0°C. Brand name Mucinex (Adams). Therapeutic Function Expectorant General Description Guaifenesin is an expectorant, widely used in the treatment of cough. Its mode of action involves the alleviating of cough discomfort by increasing sputum volume and decreasing its viscosity, thus resulting in effective cough. Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. Mechanism of action Guaiphenesin facilitates secretion from bronchial mucous membranes, thus relieving a cough in colds, bronchitis, and bronchial asthma. Chemical Synthesis Guaiphenesin, 3-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propandiol (23.2.3), is synthesized by reacting guiacol with 3-chloropropan-1,2-diol or with glycidol. Veterinary Drugs and Treatments In veterinary medicine, guaifenesin is used to induce muscle relaxation and restraint as an adjunct to anesthesia for short procedures (30 – 60 minutes) in large and small animal species. There are combination oral products containing guaifenesin for treating respiratory conditions in horses. In human medicine, guaifenesin has long been touted as an oral expectorant, but definitive proof of its efficacy is lacking. Environmental Fate Guaifenesin’s production and use as veterinary and human medicines may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 1.5× 10–6 mm Hg at 25 ℃ indicates that guaifenesin will exist in both the vapor and particulate phase. Based upon an estimated Henry’s law constant of 4.4 × 10-11 atm-m3 mol-1, volatilization from moist soil surfaces or from water surfaces are not expected to be important fate processes for guaifenesin. Guaifenesin is expected to have high mobility in soil based upon an organic carbon–water partition coefficient (Koc) of 140, which indicates that it will have more solubility in water and is less likely to adsorb onto organic matter in soil and plants. Toxicity evaluation Guaifenesin is an adrenergic antagonist in a class of medications called expectorants. It stimulates afferent receptors in the gastric mucosa, reflexively increasing glandular secretion by the respiratory epithelium promoting lower respiratory tract drainage by thinning bronchial secretions, lubricating irritated respiratory tract membranes through increased mucous flow, and facilitating removal of viscous mucus. The onset of action appears to be within 15–30 min. Guaifenesin is believed to alleviate cough discomfort by improving sinus and bronchial drainage, increasing sputum volume, and decreasing sputum viscosity, thereby promoting effective cough. In one study, the effect of guaifenesin to increase mucociliary clearance from the lung was greater in patients with chronic bronchitis than in healthy subjects. In another study, guaifenesin inhibited the cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with an upper respiratory tract infection (cough receptors are transiently hypersensitive), but not in healthy volunteers. Possible mechanisms include a central antitussive effect or a peripheral effect by increased sputum volume serving as a physical barrier, shielding cough receptors within the respiratory epithelium. As a centrally acting muscle relaxant, guaifenesin is believed to depress or block nerve impulse transmission at the internuncial neuron level of the subcortical areas of the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. It also has mild analgesic and sedative actions.