China Largest Factory Manufacturer sales Calcium Chloride CAS 10043-52-4 CAS NO.10043-52-4

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Calcium chloride Basic information Chemical Properties Uses Product Name: Calcium chloride Synonyms: PELADOW(R) SNOW AND ICE MELT;Calcium chloride,aqueous solution;Calcium chloride,medicinal;Additive Screening Solution 21/Fluka kit no 78374, Calcium chloride solution;calcium chloride anhydrus for technical;calcium chloride anhydrous for food;CACL2 (CALCIUM CHLORIDE);CalciuM chloride, 96%, for biocheMistry, anhydrous CAS: 10043-52-4 MF: CaCl2 MW: 110.98 EINECS: 233-140-8 Product Categories: Inorganic Salt, Food Additives;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Metal and Ceramic Science;ACS Grade;20: Ca;Beaded Materials;Calcium;Chemical Synthesis;Essential Chemicals;Inorganic Salts;Materials Science;Research Essentials;Solutions and Reagents;Synthetic Reagents;A - F;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;A - FMolecular Biology;BioUltraProtein Structural Analysis;DNA&RNA Purification;Molecular Biology Reagents;Optimization ReagentsMolecular Biology;Reagents;X-Ray Crystallography;Calcium SaltsEssential Chemicals;Technical Grade;Adsorbents, Filter Aids and Drying Agents;Metal and Ceramic Science;Other Drying AgentsEssential Chemicals;Routine Reagents;INORGANIC & ORGANIC CHEMICALS;Inorganics;Calcium Salts;CalciumMetal and Ceramic Science;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Inorganic Salts;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;CA - CGSpectroscopy;AAS;AAS CRMsAlphabetic;AASSpectroscopy;Application CRMs;C;Matrix Selection;Nitrate;Spectroscopy;CalciumSerum-free Media;Companion Products and Reagents;Insect Platform;ACS GradeSynthetic Reagents;Essential Chemicals;chloride;Pharmaceutical intermediates;Pyridines Mol File: 10043-52-4.mol   Calcium chloride Chemical Properties Melting point  772 °C (lit.) Boiling point  1935 °C/1 atm (lit.) density  1.086 g/mL at 20 °C vapor pressure  0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) refractive index  n20/D 1.358 Fp  >1600°C storage temp.  Store at +5°C to +30°C. solubility  H2O: soluble form  powder color  White to gray Specific Gravity 2.15 PH 8-10 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) Water Solubility  740 g/L (20 ºC) Sensitive  Hygroscopic λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02 Merck  14,1659 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with zinc, water, strong acids, methyl vinyl ether, bromine trifluoride, boron oxide, calcium oxide. Hygroscopic. InChIKey UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L CAS DataBase Reference 10043-52-4(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Calcium dichloride(10043-52-4) EPA Substance Registry System Calcium chloride (10043-52-4)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/37/38-36-36/38-41-22 Safety Statements  26-39-24-22-36 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  EV9810000 F  3 TSCA  Yes HS Code  28272000 Hazardous Substances Data 10043-52-4(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 i.v. in mice: 42.2 mg/kg (Syed, Hosain) MSDS Information Provider Language Calcium chloride fused English ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Calcium chloride Usage And Synthesis Chemical Properties Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant. Calcium Chloride Powder Uses Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses. It is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on). It is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide. Chemical Properties Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant. Chemical Properties Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent). Physical properties White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol. Occurrence Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2 2MgCl2 12H2O. It also is found in other minerals. Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%. Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires. It is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C. It also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids. It is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete. Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle. Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics. Uses Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete. The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration). It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine). Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”. Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water. It can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content. It is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. It affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation. Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium). It can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives). Uses Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c. it dissolves with the liberation of heat. it also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c. it is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization. it is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels. Uses Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate. The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquescent and must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. Calcium chloride was used in iodized collodion formulas and in collodion emulsions. It was also an important desiccating substance used in tin calcium tubes designed to store presensitized platinum papers. Uses For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemi Uses Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant. Uses calcium chloride is an astringent. It also helps improve the reaction among certain ingredients used in cosmetic formulations. This inorganic salt is no longer commonly used in skin care products and is being replaced with potassium chloride. Production Methods Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process. Definition calcium chloride: A white deliquescentcompound, CaCl2, which issoluble in water; r.d. 2.15; m.p.782°C; b.p. >1600°C. There are anumber of hydrated forms, includingthe monohydrate, CaCl2.H2O, the dihydrate,CaCl2.2H2O (r.d. 0.84), andthe hexahydrate, CaCl2.6H2O (trigonal;r.d. 1.71; the hexahydrate loses4H2O at 30°C and the remaining2H2O at 200°C). Large quantities of itare formed as a byproduct of theSolvay process and it can be preparedby dissolving calcium carbonateor calcium oxide in hydrochloricacid. Crystals of the anhydrous saltcan only be obtained if the hydratedsalt is heated in a stream of hydrogenchloride. Solid calcium chloride isused in mines and on roads to reducedust problems, whilst the molten saltis the electrolyte in the extraction ofcalcium. An aqueous solution of calciumchloride is used in refrigerationplants. Preparation Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by ammonia-soda (Solvay) process. The process involves the reaction of sodium chloride with calcium carbonate and ammonia. Calcium chloride is currently produced in bulk amounts by evaporation of natural underground brines. In the laboratory, calcium chloride can be prepared by treating limestone with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of solution to obtain crystals. The crystals are dehydrated to obtain anhydrous salt. Calcium oxide or hydroxide may be used instead of carbonate. Brand name Cal Plus (Mallinckrodt). General Description Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is a water soluble ionic crystal with a high enthalpy change of solution. It is majorly derived from limestone and is a by-product of the Solvay process. It is an anhydrous salt that has a hygroscopic nature and can be used as a desiccant. Air & Water Reactions Deliquescent. Water soluble. Adding Calcium chloride to hot water caused violent boiling, [MCA Case History No. 69]. Reactivity Profile Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, Calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956]. Long term exposure of Calcium chloride solution upon a zinc coated galvanized iron vessel caused slow evolution of hydrogen which ignited and exploded [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. Health Hazard Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes (particularly by dust) causes irritation and possible transient corneal injury. Contact of solid with dry skin causes mild irritation; strong solutions can cause marked irritation, even a superficial burn. Pharmaceutical Applications The main applications of calcium chloride as an excipient relate to its dehydrating properties and, therefore, it has been used as an antimicrobial preservative, as a desiccant, and as an astringent in eye lotions. Therapeutically, calcium chloride injection 10% (as the dihydrate form) is used to treat hypocalcemia. Safety Profile Moderately toxic by ingestion. Poison by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects: dermatitis, changes in calcium. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Reacts violently with (B203 + CaO), BrF3. Reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. Catalyzes exothermic polymerization of methyl vinyl ether. Exothermic reaction with water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES. Safety Calcium chloride is used in topical, ophthalmic, and injection preparations. The pure form of calcium chloride is toxic by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes, and moderately toxic by ingestion, causing stomach and heart disturbances. It is a severe eye irritant and can cause dermatitis. LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.21 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.042 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.94 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.82 g/kg LD50 (rat, IM): 0.025 g/kg LD50 (rat, IP): 0.26 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 1.0 g/kg LD50 (rat, SC): 2.63 g/kg Potential Exposure Calcium chloride is used as road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators, for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigeration brines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additives, concrete hardening accelerator, and others. May react with strong oxidizers. storage Calcium chloride is chemically stable; however, it should be protected from moisture. Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place. Shipping There are no label or maximum shipping quantity requirements set by DOT. Purification Methods It is available as fused granules or cubic crystals. It is very hygroscopic, very soluble in H2O (exothermic), and EtOH. Store it in a tightly closed container. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 931 1963.] Properties and Applications ITEMS SPECIFICATION APPEARANCE WHITE,HARD ODORLESS FLAKE, POWDER,PELLET,GRANULE CALCIUM CHLORIDE(As CaCl2) 94% min MAGNESIUM&ALKALI METAL SALT (As NaCl) 3.5% max WATER INSOLUBLE MATTER 0.2% max ALKALINITY(As Ca(OH)2) 0.20% max SULFATE (As CaSO4) 0.20% max pH VALUE 7-11 As 5 ppm max Pb 10 ppm max Fe 10 ppm max Incompatibilities Calcium chloride is incompatible with soluble carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, and tartrates. It reacts violently with bromine trifluoride, and a reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. It has an exothermic reaction with water, and when heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chlorine. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, suspensions, creams). Included in medicines licensed in the UK (eye drops; intraocular irrigation; vaccines; injection powders for reconstitution; nebulizer solution; oral suspension).   Calcium chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Hydrochloric acid-->Calcium carbonate-->Calcium hydroxide-->Calcium oxide-->Sodium chlorate-->CALCIUM CARBONATE-->Calcium chloride hexahydrate-->Calcium chloride solution 36-40%, (1box=27kgs)-->Calcium chloride dihydrate Preparation Products 1-METHYL-3-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-5-CARBALDEHYDE-->4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZALDEHYDE-->(R)-1-Boc-3-(hyroxymethyl)piperidine-->Pentoxyverine-->3-AMIDINOPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE-->3-Methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate-->Dimethoxybenzene-->(1,1-DIMETHYL-PROP-2-YNYL)-HYDRAZINE-->3-(2-THIENYL)PROPIONIC ACID-->(S)-3-(Boc-amino)pyrrolidine-->1-[4-(BROMOMETHYL)PHENYL]-1H-PYRAZOLE-->N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride-->Allyl hexanoate-->Ethyl Hexanoate-->Pigment Red 57:1-->1-(2-ETHOXYETHYL)PIPERAZINE-->Pigment Red 48:2-->1-Bromooctadecane-->Isoamyl acetate-->HEPARIN CALCIUM-->Butyl butyrate-->polymer bactericidal flocculent-->N-Benzylcinchonidinium chloride-->3,5-DIMETHYL-4-NITROISOXAZOLE-->ETHYL OLEATE-->5-Methyl-4-nitroisoxazole-->Calcium-->Allylthiourea-->materials of oral delivery system for peptide drugs and their controlled release-->Isoamyl butyrate-->Dye-fixing agent G-->4-CHLOROPHENETOLE-->Butanethiol-->2-Fluoro-p-Xylene-->Phenyl isothiocyanate-->1,2-Dibromopropane-->2,3-DIMETHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE-->Cinnamyl chloride-->2-Bromoethyl ethyl ether-->1-ETHOXYNAPHTHALENE

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Calcium chloride Basic information Chemical Properties Uses Product Name: Calcium chloride Synonyms: PELADOW(R) SNOW AND ICE MELT;Calcium chloride,aqueous solution;Calcium chloride,medicinal;Additive Screening Solution 21/Fluka kit no 78374, Calcium chloride solution;calcium chloride anhydrus for technical;calcium chloride anhydrous for food;CACL2 (CALCIUM CHLORIDE);CalciuM chloride, 96%, for biocheMistry, anhydrous CAS: 10043-52-4 MF: CaCl2 MW: 110.98 EINECS: 233-140-8 Product Categories: Inorganic Salt, Food Additives;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Metal and Ceramic Science;ACS Grade;20: Ca;Beaded Materials;Calcium;Chemical Synthesis;Essential Chemicals;Inorganic Salts;Materials Science;Research Essentials;Solutions and Reagents;Synthetic Reagents;A - F;Salt Solutions;Volumetric Solutions;A - FMolecular Biology;BioUltraProtein Structural Analysis;DNA&RNA Purification;Molecular Biology Reagents;Optimization ReagentsMolecular Biology;Reagents;X-Ray Crystallography;Calcium SaltsEssential Chemicals;Technical Grade;Adsorbents, Filter Aids and Drying Agents;Metal and Ceramic Science;Other Drying AgentsEssential Chemicals;Routine Reagents;INORGANIC & ORGANIC CHEMICALS;Inorganics;Calcium Salts;CalciumMetal and Ceramic Science;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Inorganic Salts;Salts;Synthetic Reagents;CA - CGSpectroscopy;AAS;AAS CRMsAlphabetic;AASSpectroscopy;Application CRMs;C;Matrix Selection;Nitrate;Spectroscopy;CalciumSerum-free Media;Companion Products and Reagents;Insect Platform;ACS GradeSynthetic Reagents;Essential Chemicals;chloride;Pharmaceutical intermediates;Pyridines Mol File: 10043-52-4.mol   Calcium chloride Chemical Properties Melting point  772 °C (lit.) Boiling point  1935 °C/1 atm (lit.) density  1.086 g/mL at 20 °C vapor pressure  0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C) refractive index  n20/D 1.358 Fp  >1600°C storage temp.  Store at +5°C to +30°C. solubility  H2O: soluble form  powder color  White to gray Specific Gravity 2.15 PH 8-10 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) Water Solubility  740 g/L (20 ºC) Sensitive  Hygroscopic λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02 Merck  14,1659 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with zinc, water, strong acids, methyl vinyl ether, bromine trifluoride, boron oxide, calcium oxide. Hygroscopic. InChIKey UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L CAS DataBase Reference 10043-52-4(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Calcium dichloride(10043-52-4) EPA Substance Registry System Calcium chloride (10043-52-4)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/37/38-36-36/38-41-22 Safety Statements  26-39-24-22-36 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  EV9810000 F  3 TSCA  Yes HS Code  28272000 Hazardous Substances Data 10043-52-4(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 i.v. in mice: 42.2 mg/kg (Syed, Hosain) MSDS Information Provider Language Calcium chloride fused English ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Calcium chloride Usage And Synthesis Chemical Properties Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant. Calcium Chloride Powder Uses Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses. It is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on). It is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide. Chemical Properties Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride. It is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant. Chemical Properties Calcium chloride occurs as a white or colorless crystalline powder, granules, or crystalline mass, and is hygroscopic (deliquescent). Physical properties White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol. Occurrence Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl2 2MgCl2 12H2O. It also is found in other minerals. Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%. Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires. It is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures. Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C. It also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids. It is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete. Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle. Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics. Uses Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete. The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where it will absorb so much water that it will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration). It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine). Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as it increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”. Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water. It can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content. It is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water. It affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and it can also affect yeast function during fermentation. Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium). It can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives). Uses Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c. it dissolves with the liberation of heat. it also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c. it is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. in evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization. it is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels. Uses Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate. The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquescent and must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle. Calcium chloride was used in iodized collodion formulas and in collodion emulsions. It was also an important desiccating substance used in tin calcium tubes designed to store presensitized platinum papers. Uses For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemi Uses Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant. Uses calcium chloride is an astringent. It also helps improve the reaction among certain ingredients used in cosmetic formulations. This inorganic salt is no longer commonly used in skin care products and is being replaced with potassium chloride. Production Methods Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process. Definition calcium chloride: A white deliquescentcompound, CaCl2, which issoluble in water; r.d. 2.15; m.p.782°C; b.p. >1600°C. There are anumber of hydrated forms, includingthe monohydrate, CaCl2.H2O, the dihydrate,CaCl2.2H2O (r.d. 0.84), andthe hexahydrate, CaCl2.6H2O (trigonal;r.d. 1.71; the hexahydrate loses4H2O at 30°C and the remaining2H2O at 200°C). Large quantities of itare formed as a byproduct of theSolvay process and it can be preparedby dissolving calcium carbonateor calcium oxide in hydrochloricacid. Crystals of the anhydrous saltcan only be obtained if the hydratedsalt is heated in a stream of hydrogenchloride. Solid calcium chloride isused in mines and on roads to reducedust problems, whilst the molten saltis the electrolyte in the extraction ofcalcium. An aqueous solution of calciumchloride is used in refrigerationplants. Preparation Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by ammonia-soda (Solvay) process. The process involves the reaction of sodium chloride with calcium carbonate and ammonia. Calcium chloride is currently produced in bulk amounts by evaporation of natural underground brines. In the laboratory, calcium chloride can be prepared by treating limestone with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of solution to obtain crystals. The crystals are dehydrated to obtain anhydrous salt. Calcium oxide or hydroxide may be used instead of carbonate. Brand name Cal Plus (Mallinckrodt). General Description Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is a water soluble ionic crystal with a high enthalpy change of solution. It is majorly derived from limestone and is a by-product of the Solvay process. It is an anhydrous salt that has a hygroscopic nature and can be used as a desiccant. Air & Water Reactions Deliquescent. Water soluble. Adding Calcium chloride to hot water caused violent boiling, [MCA Case History No. 69]. Reactivity Profile Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, Calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956]. Long term exposure of Calcium chloride solution upon a zinc coated galvanized iron vessel caused slow evolution of hydrogen which ignited and exploded [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995]. Health Hazard Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes (particularly by dust) causes irritation and possible transient corneal injury. Contact of solid with dry skin causes mild irritation; strong solutions can cause marked irritation, even a superficial burn. Pharmaceutical Applications The main applications of calcium chloride as an excipient relate to its dehydrating properties and, therefore, it has been used as an antimicrobial preservative, as a desiccant, and as an astringent in eye lotions. Therapeutically, calcium chloride injection 10% (as the dihydrate form) is used to treat hypocalcemia. Safety Profile Moderately toxic by ingestion. Poison by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects: dermatitis, changes in calcium. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Mutation data reported. Reacts violently with (B203 + CaO), BrF3. Reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. Catalyzes exothermic polymerization of methyl vinyl ether. Exothermic reaction with water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CALCIUM COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES. Safety Calcium chloride is used in topical, ophthalmic, and injection preparations. The pure form of calcium chloride is toxic by intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes, and moderately toxic by ingestion, causing stomach and heart disturbances. It is a severe eye irritant and can cause dermatitis. LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.21 g/kg LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.042 g/kg LD50 (mouse, oral): 1.94 g/kg LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.82 g/kg LD50 (rat, IM): 0.025 g/kg LD50 (rat, IP): 0.26 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 1.0 g/kg LD50 (rat, SC): 2.63 g/kg Potential Exposure Calcium chloride is used as road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators, for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigeration brines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additives, concrete hardening accelerator, and others. May react with strong oxidizers. storage Calcium chloride is chemically stable; however, it should be protected from moisture. Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place. Shipping There are no label or maximum shipping quantity requirements set by DOT. Purification Methods It is available as fused granules or cubic crystals. It is very hygroscopic, very soluble in H2O (exothermic), and EtOH. Store it in a tightly closed container. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 931 1963.] Properties and Applications ITEMS SPECIFICATION APPEARANCE WHITE,HARD ODORLESS FLAKE, POWDER,PELLET,GRANULE CALCIUM CHLORIDE(As CaCl2) 94% min MAGNESIUM&ALKALI METAL SALT (As NaCl) 3.5% max WATER INSOLUBLE MATTER 0.2% max ALKALINITY(As Ca(OH)2) 0.20% max SULFATE (As CaSO4) 0.20% max pH VALUE 7-11 As 5 ppm max Pb 10 ppm max Fe 10 ppm max Incompatibilities Calcium chloride is incompatible with soluble carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, and tartrates. It reacts violently with bromine trifluoride, and a reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas. It has an exothermic reaction with water, and when heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of chlorine. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, suspensions, creams). Included in medicines licensed in the UK (eye drops; intraocular irrigation; vaccines; injection powders for reconstitution; nebulizer solution; oral suspension).   Calcium chloride Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Hydrochloric acid-->Calcium carbonate-->Calcium hydroxide-->Calcium oxide-->Sodium chlorate-->CALCIUM CARBONATE-->Calcium chloride hexahydrate-->Calcium chloride solution 36-40%, (1box=27kgs)-->Calcium chloride dihydrate Preparation Products 1-METHYL-3-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-5-CARBALDEHYDE-->4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZALDEHYDE-->(R)-1-Boc-3-(hyroxymethyl)piperidine-->Pentoxyverine-->3-AMIDINOPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE-->3-Methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate-->Dimethoxybenzene-->(1,1-DIMETHYL-PROP-2-YNYL)-HYDRAZINE-->3-(2-THIENYL)PROPIONIC ACID-->(S)-3-(Boc-amino)pyrrolidine-->1-[4-(BROMOMETHYL)PHENYL]-1H-PYRAZOLE-->N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride-->Allyl hexanoate-->Ethyl Hexanoate-->Pigment Red 57:1-->1-(2-ETHOXYETHYL)PIPERAZINE-->Pigment Red 48:2-->1-Bromooctadecane-->Isoamyl acetate-->HEPARIN CALCIUM-->Butyl butyrate-->polymer bactericidal flocculent-->N-Benzylcinchonidinium chloride-->3,5-DIMETHYL-4-NITROISOXAZOLE-->ETHYL OLEATE-->5-Methyl-4-nitroisoxazole-->Calcium-->Allylthiourea-->materials of oral delivery system for peptide drugs and their controlled release-->Isoamyl butyrate-->Dye-fixing agent G-->4-CHLOROPHENETOLE-->Butanethiol-->2-Fluoro-p-Xylene-->Phenyl isothiocyanate-->1,2-Dibromopropane-->2,3-DIMETHYL-1,3-BUTADIENE-->Cinnamyl chloride-->2-Bromoethyl ethyl ether-->1-ETHOXYNAPHTHALENE