China Largest Manufacturer factory sales Saccharin Sodium CAS 128-44-9 CAS NO.128-44-9

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Saccharin sodium Basic information Description Chemical Properties Saccharin Uses Chemical Synthesis Toxicity evaluation References Product Name: Saccharin sodium Synonyms: 1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt;Sodium 1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-id-3-one;2-Sodio-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide;o-Benzoic acid sulfimide sodium;204-886-1;kristallose;madhurin;o-sulfonbenzoicacidimidesodiumsalt CAS: 128-44-9 MF: C7H5NNaO3S MW: 206.17 EINECS: 204-886-1 Product Categories: Food additives;Classes of Metal Compounds;Food and Feed Additive;Na (Sodium) Compounds (excluding simple sodium salts);Typical Metal Compounds;Food addivite, Sweeteners;Food additive, Sweeteners Mol File: 128-44-9.mol   Saccharin sodium Chemical Properties Melting point  >300°C FEMA  2997 | SACCHARINE, SODIUM SALT storage temp.  0-6°C solubility  H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; sparingly soluble in ethanol. form  neat color  White crystals or a white, crystalline efflorescent powder Odor odourless or with a faint, aromatic odour Water Solubility  >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. InChIKey WINXNKPZLFISPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M CAS DataBase Reference 128-44-9(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System Saccharin sodium (128-44-9)   Safety Information Safety Statements  24/25 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  DE4550000 Toxicity LD50 oral in rat: 14200mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language Sodium 1,2-benzisothiasolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English   Saccharin sodium Usage And Synthesis Description Saccharin sodium is a type of artificial or nonnutritive sweetener. It is 200 to 700 times sweeter than sucrose but has a bitter aftertaste. Saccharin and its salts do not occur naturally. Saccharin sodium is used in the production of various foods and pharmaceutical products including soft drinks, candy, biscuits, jams, chewing gum, tinned fruit, medicine and toothpaste. Chemical Properties Saccharin is a crystalline solid with a sweet taste (500 times sweeter than sugar). It is commercially available in three forms : acid saccharin , sodium saccharin , and calcium saccharin . These forms have been variously determined to be 200-800 times sweeter than sucrose , depending on the saccharin concentration.  Saccharine sodium salt has no odor, but has an intensly sweet taste. Aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline to litmus, but not alkaline to phenolphthalein. Effloresces in dry air. Sodium saccharin is widely used in food as a sweetener. There is evidence that sweet taste receptors of animals (pigs and bovines) also respond to saccharin (Hellekant et al., 1994; Moran et al., 2010). Sodium saccharin is intended to be used in feed, premixtures and water for drinking for piglets (suckling and weaned piglets), pigs for fattening and calves for rearing up to 4 months and for calves for fattening up to 6 months, with levels up to 150 mg/kg of complete feedingstuffs and water for drinking. Saccharin Saccharin is the oldest artificial sweetener, and was discovered in 1879. The compound is prepared through reacting methyl anthranilate with nitrous acid sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and ammonia. It is about 300 times sweeter than sucrose and is considered to be one of the most important and widely used sweeteners worldwide. Saccharin is a water-soluble acid with a pKa of 1.8. Its absorption is increased in animal species with lower stomach pH, such as rabbits and humans, relative to other mammals with higher stomach pHs such as rats. Other forms of saccharin that are consumed include: calcium saccharin, potassium saccharin, and acid saccharin. Sodium saccharin is used most often due to its greater palatability. Saccharin, in addition to being used as a table-top sweetener, is commonly used in soft drinks, baked foods, jams, canned fruit, candy, dessert toppings, and chewing gum. Since saccharin’s sweetening power is not reduced when heated, it is an excellent candidate as an additive in low-calorie and sugar-free products. Uses Sodium saccharin is the salt most frequently used in formulating soluble forms of this sweetening agent. It can be used in toothpaste, mouthwash, diet soft drinks, syrups, baked goods, ice cream, and other sweet foods and drinks. While it is certainly most famously used in food products, sodium saccharin is also used in the chemical and agricultural industries as an aid in the production of herbicides and pesticides. It is also used as part of a solution used to coat metals, such as gold and nickel. Major application of Sodium saccharine is the food industry as an additive in different products. It is used as a low calorie sweetener and stabilizer in a variety of food and drinks. In bakeries it is used to sweeten baked goods, breads, cookies and muffins. Due to its rapidly dissolving nature in water, it is used as an artificial sweetener in carbonated beverages and sodas. Chemical Synthesis Saccharin is chemically synthesised. The manufacturing process described by the applicant uses either phthalic anhydride or methyl anthranilate as starting material. Methyl anthranilate is diazotized to form 2-carbomethoxybenzene-diazonium chloride. Sulfonation followed by oxidation yields 2-carbomethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride. Amidation of the sulfonylchloride followed by acidification will form insoluble acid saccharin. Subsequent addition of sodium hydroxide produces the soluble saccharin sodium. Toxicity evaluation Saccharin and toxicity are arguable. Throughout the 1960s, various studies suggested that saccharin might be an animal carcinogen [18]. Yilmaz and Uçar (2015) stressed that genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of saccharin are not understood clearly. Most publications reference that saccharin increases the rate of bladder cancer in rats fed with large doses. A few epidemiological studies also found relationships between saccharin and bladder cancer risk in humans, but the majority of studies found no association between saccharin and cancer. Sodium saccharin has shown tumorigenic effects in rats. The compound was reported to produce hyperplastic response within a relatively short period of time when administered at high doses (≥2.5%). Saccharin consumption has been associated with adverse effects on most of the biochemical and hematological blood indices in rats. Chronic saccharin intake affects biochemical parameters, and reported findings reflect various metabolic, hormonal, and neural responses in male and female rats resulting from the prolonged use of this sweetener after a single dose in drinking water. Consumption of large amounts of saccharin (135 mg) may result in hypoglycemia, reduced hyperinsulinemia, decreased insulin resistance, and improved glycemic control in hyperglycemic obese mice. References [1] DeeAn Jones, Environmental Fate of Cypermethrin [2] # [3] # Chemical Properties Saccharin sodium occurs as a white, odorless or faintly aromatic, efflorescent, crystalline powder. It has an intensely sweet taste, with a metallic or bitter aftertaste that at normal levels of use can be detected by approximately 25% of the population. The aftertaste can be masked by blending saccharin sodium with other sweeteners. Saccharin sodium can contain variable amounts of water. Uses Sweetener (non-nutritive). Uses These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements. Uses Saccharin Sodium Salt Hydrate can be used for the purification of recombinant polypeptides, such as antibodies. Production Methods Saccharin is produced by the oxidation of o-toluene sulfonamide by potassium permanganate in a solution of sodium hydroxide. Acidification of the solution precipitates saccharin, which is then dissolved in water at 50℃ and neutralized by addition of sodium hydroxide. Rapid cooling of the solution initiates crystallization of saccharin sodium from the liquors. Brand name Sucaryl (Ross). General Description Odorless white crystals or crystalline powder. Aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline to litmus, but not alkaline to phenolphthalein. Effloresces in dry air. Intensely sweet taste. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Reactivity Profile Saccharin sodium may react with oxidizing agents. . Very weak base in aqueous solution. Hazard The use of saccharin is being limited due to possible carcinogenicity. Fire Hazard Flash point data are not available for Saccharin sodium , but Saccharin sodium is probably combustible. Pharmaceutical Applications Saccharin sodium is an intense sweetening agent used in beverages, food products, table-top sweeteners, and pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, powders, medicated confectionery, gels, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes. It is also used in vitamin preparations. Saccharin sodium is considerably more soluble in water than saccharin, and is more frequently used in pharmaceutical formulations. Its sweetening power is approximately 300–600 times that of sucrose. Saccharin sodium enhances flavor systems and may be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics. Injection of saccharin sodium has been used to measure the armto- tongue circulation time. Safety Profile Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A promoter. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx, Na2O, and NOx. Safety There has been considerable controversy concerning the safety of saccharin and saccharin sodium in recent years; however, it is now generally regarded as a safe, intense sweetener. See Saccharin for further information. The WHO has set a temporary acceptable daily intake of up to 2.5 mg/kg body-weight for saccharin, including its salts.(3) In the UK, the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) has set an acceptable daily intake for saccharin and its salts (expressed as saccharin sodium) at up to 5 mg/kg body-weight. LD50 (mouse, oral): 17.5 g/kg LD50 (rat, IP): 7.1 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 14.2 g/kg Potential Exposure The information provided has to do, primarily, with the manufacturing of saccharin. Saccharin has been used as a nonnutritive sweetening agent. At one point the United States consumption pattern for all forms of saccharin has been estimated as 45% in soft drinks; 18% in tabletop sweeteners; 14% in fruits, juices, sweets, chew- ing gum, and jellies; 10% in cosmetics and oral hygiene products; 7% in drugs, such as coating on pills; 2% in tobacco; 2% in electroplating; and 2% for miscellaneous uses. Human exposure to saccharin occurs primarily through ingestion because of its use in many dietic foods and drinks and some personal hygiene products, including toothpastes and mouthwashes. The general public is exposed to saccharin, especially by persons required to reduce sugar intake. storage Saccharin sodium is stable under the normal range of conditions employed in formulations. Only when it is exposed to a high temperature (125℃) at a low pH (pH 2) for over 1 hour does significant decomposition occur. The 84% grade is the most stable form of saccharin sodium since the 76% form will dry further under ambient conditions. Solutions for injection can be sterilized by autoclave. Saccharin sodium should be stored in a well-closed container in a dry place. Shipping UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz- ardous material, Technical Name Required. Incompatibilities Saccharin sodium does not undergo Maillard browning. Incompatibilities Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Waste Disposal Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contami- nant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Regulatory Status Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe; ‘E954’ is applied to both saccharin and saccharin salts. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (buccal and dental preparations; IM and IV injections; oral and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.   Saccharin sodium Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Sodium hydroxide-->Hydrochloric acid-->Methanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Sodium nitrite-->Ammonium hydroxide-->Chlorosulfonic acid-->Sodium hypochlorite-->Phthalic anhydride-->Tosyl chloride-->Sulfur dioxide-->Saccharin-->2-Methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide-->O-TOLUENESULFONYL CHLORIDE Preparation Products Chlorimuron-ethyl-->Piroxicam-->Sodium benzoate-->2-SULFOBENZOIC ACID MONOAMMONIUM SALT-->N-CHLOROSACCHARIN-->N-METHYLSACCHARIN

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Saccharin sodium Basic information Description Chemical Properties Saccharin Uses Chemical Synthesis Toxicity evaluation References Product Name: Saccharin sodium Synonyms: 1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide sodium salt;Sodium 1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzothiazol-2-id-3-one;2-Sodio-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide;o-Benzoic acid sulfimide sodium;204-886-1;kristallose;madhurin;o-sulfonbenzoicacidimidesodiumsalt CAS: 128-44-9 MF: C7H5NNaO3S MW: 206.17 EINECS: 204-886-1 Product Categories: Food additives;Classes of Metal Compounds;Food and Feed Additive;Na (Sodium) Compounds (excluding simple sodium salts);Typical Metal Compounds;Food addivite, Sweeteners;Food additive, Sweeteners Mol File: 128-44-9.mol   Saccharin sodium Chemical Properties Melting point  >300°C FEMA  2997 | SACCHARINE, SODIUM SALT storage temp.  0-6°C solubility  H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; sparingly soluble in ethanol. form  neat color  White crystals or a white, crystalline efflorescent powder Odor odourless or with a faint, aromatic odour Water Solubility  >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. InChIKey WINXNKPZLFISPD-UHFFFAOYSA-M CAS DataBase Reference 128-44-9(CAS DataBase Reference) EPA Substance Registry System Saccharin sodium (128-44-9)   Safety Information Safety Statements  24/25 WGK Germany  2 RTECS  DE4550000 Toxicity LD50 oral in rat: 14200mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language Sodium 1,2-benzisothiasolin-3-one-1,1-dioxide English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English   Saccharin sodium Usage And Synthesis Description Saccharin sodium is a type of artificial or nonnutritive sweetener. It is 200 to 700 times sweeter than sucrose but has a bitter aftertaste. Saccharin and its salts do not occur naturally. Saccharin sodium is used in the production of various foods and pharmaceutical products including soft drinks, candy, biscuits, jams, chewing gum, tinned fruit, medicine and toothpaste. Chemical Properties Saccharin is a crystalline solid with a sweet taste (500 times sweeter than sugar). It is commercially available in three forms : acid saccharin , sodium saccharin , and calcium saccharin . These forms have been variously determined to be 200-800 times sweeter than sucrose , depending on the saccharin concentration.  Saccharine sodium salt has no odor, but has an intensly sweet taste. Aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline to litmus, but not alkaline to phenolphthalein. Effloresces in dry air. Sodium saccharin is widely used in food as a sweetener. There is evidence that sweet taste receptors of animals (pigs and bovines) also respond to saccharin (Hellekant et al., 1994; Moran et al., 2010). Sodium saccharin is intended to be used in feed, premixtures and water for drinking for piglets (suckling and weaned piglets), pigs for fattening and calves for rearing up to 4 months and for calves for fattening up to 6 months, with levels up to 150 mg/kg of complete feedingstuffs and water for drinking. Saccharin Saccharin is the oldest artificial sweetener, and was discovered in 1879. The compound is prepared through reacting methyl anthranilate with nitrous acid sulfur dioxide, chlorine, and ammonia. It is about 300 times sweeter than sucrose and is considered to be one of the most important and widely used sweeteners worldwide. Saccharin is a water-soluble acid with a pKa of 1.8. Its absorption is increased in animal species with lower stomach pH, such as rabbits and humans, relative to other mammals with higher stomach pHs such as rats. Other forms of saccharin that are consumed include: calcium saccharin, potassium saccharin, and acid saccharin. Sodium saccharin is used most often due to its greater palatability. Saccharin, in addition to being used as a table-top sweetener, is commonly used in soft drinks, baked foods, jams, canned fruit, candy, dessert toppings, and chewing gum. Since saccharin’s sweetening power is not reduced when heated, it is an excellent candidate as an additive in low-calorie and sugar-free products. Uses Sodium saccharin is the salt most frequently used in formulating soluble forms of this sweetening agent. It can be used in toothpaste, mouthwash, diet soft drinks, syrups, baked goods, ice cream, and other sweet foods and drinks. While it is certainly most famously used in food products, sodium saccharin is also used in the chemical and agricultural industries as an aid in the production of herbicides and pesticides. It is also used as part of a solution used to coat metals, such as gold and nickel. Major application of Sodium saccharine is the food industry as an additive in different products. It is used as a low calorie sweetener and stabilizer in a variety of food and drinks. In bakeries it is used to sweeten baked goods, breads, cookies and muffins. Due to its rapidly dissolving nature in water, it is used as an artificial sweetener in carbonated beverages and sodas. Chemical Synthesis Saccharin is chemically synthesised. The manufacturing process described by the applicant uses either phthalic anhydride or methyl anthranilate as starting material. Methyl anthranilate is diazotized to form 2-carbomethoxybenzene-diazonium chloride. Sulfonation followed by oxidation yields 2-carbomethoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride. Amidation of the sulfonylchloride followed by acidification will form insoluble acid saccharin. Subsequent addition of sodium hydroxide produces the soluble saccharin sodium. Toxicity evaluation Saccharin and toxicity are arguable. Throughout the 1960s, various studies suggested that saccharin might be an animal carcinogen [18]. Yilmaz and Uçar (2015) stressed that genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of saccharin are not understood clearly. Most publications reference that saccharin increases the rate of bladder cancer in rats fed with large doses. A few epidemiological studies also found relationships between saccharin and bladder cancer risk in humans, but the majority of studies found no association between saccharin and cancer. Sodium saccharin has shown tumorigenic effects in rats. The compound was reported to produce hyperplastic response within a relatively short period of time when administered at high doses (≥2.5%). Saccharin consumption has been associated with adverse effects on most of the biochemical and hematological blood indices in rats. Chronic saccharin intake affects biochemical parameters, and reported findings reflect various metabolic, hormonal, and neural responses in male and female rats resulting from the prolonged use of this sweetener after a single dose in drinking water. Consumption of large amounts of saccharin (135 mg) may result in hypoglycemia, reduced hyperinsulinemia, decreased insulin resistance, and improved glycemic control in hyperglycemic obese mice. References [1] DeeAn Jones, Environmental Fate of Cypermethrin [2] # [3] # Chemical Properties Saccharin sodium occurs as a white, odorless or faintly aromatic, efflorescent, crystalline powder. It has an intensely sweet taste, with a metallic or bitter aftertaste that at normal levels of use can be detected by approximately 25% of the population. The aftertaste can be masked by blending saccharin sodium with other sweeteners. Saccharin sodium can contain variable amounts of water. Uses Sweetener (non-nutritive). Uses These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements. Uses Saccharin Sodium Salt Hydrate can be used for the purification of recombinant polypeptides, such as antibodies. Production Methods Saccharin is produced by the oxidation of o-toluene sulfonamide by potassium permanganate in a solution of sodium hydroxide. Acidification of the solution precipitates saccharin, which is then dissolved in water at 50℃ and neutralized by addition of sodium hydroxide. Rapid cooling of the solution initiates crystallization of saccharin sodium from the liquors. Brand name Sucaryl (Ross). General Description Odorless white crystals or crystalline powder. Aqueous solution is neutral or alkaline to litmus, but not alkaline to phenolphthalein. Effloresces in dry air. Intensely sweet taste. Air & Water Reactions Water soluble. Reactivity Profile Saccharin sodium may react with oxidizing agents. . Very weak base in aqueous solution. Hazard The use of saccharin is being limited due to possible carcinogenicity. Fire Hazard Flash point data are not available for Saccharin sodium , but Saccharin sodium is probably combustible. Pharmaceutical Applications Saccharin sodium is an intense sweetening agent used in beverages, food products, table-top sweeteners, and pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, powders, medicated confectionery, gels, suspensions, liquids, and mouthwashes. It is also used in vitamin preparations. Saccharin sodium is considerably more soluble in water than saccharin, and is more frequently used in pharmaceutical formulations. Its sweetening power is approximately 300–600 times that of sucrose. Saccharin sodium enhances flavor systems and may be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics. Injection of saccharin sodium has been used to measure the armto- tongue circulation time. Safety Profile Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic data. Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A promoter. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx, Na2O, and NOx. Safety There has been considerable controversy concerning the safety of saccharin and saccharin sodium in recent years; however, it is now generally regarded as a safe, intense sweetener. See Saccharin for further information. The WHO has set a temporary acceptable daily intake of up to 2.5 mg/kg body-weight for saccharin, including its salts.(3) In the UK, the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products, and the Environment (COT) has set an acceptable daily intake for saccharin and its salts (expressed as saccharin sodium) at up to 5 mg/kg body-weight. LD50 (mouse, oral): 17.5 g/kg LD50 (rat, IP): 7.1 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 14.2 g/kg Potential Exposure The information provided has to do, primarily, with the manufacturing of saccharin. Saccharin has been used as a nonnutritive sweetening agent. At one point the United States consumption pattern for all forms of saccharin has been estimated as 45% in soft drinks; 18% in tabletop sweeteners; 14% in fruits, juices, sweets, chew- ing gum, and jellies; 10% in cosmetics and oral hygiene products; 7% in drugs, such as coating on pills; 2% in tobacco; 2% in electroplating; and 2% for miscellaneous uses. Human exposure to saccharin occurs primarily through ingestion because of its use in many dietic foods and drinks and some personal hygiene products, including toothpastes and mouthwashes. The general public is exposed to saccharin, especially by persons required to reduce sugar intake. storage Saccharin sodium is stable under the normal range of conditions employed in formulations. Only when it is exposed to a high temperature (125℃) at a low pH (pH 2) for over 1 hour does significant decomposition occur. The 84% grade is the most stable form of saccharin sodium since the 76% form will dry further under ambient conditions. Solutions for injection can be sterilized by autoclave. Saccharin sodium should be stored in a well-closed container in a dry place. Shipping UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz- ardous material, Technical Name Required. Incompatibilities Saccharin sodium does not undergo Maillard browning. Incompatibilities Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Waste Disposal Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contami- nant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Regulatory Status Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe; ‘E954’ is applied to both saccharin and saccharin salts. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (buccal and dental preparations; IM and IV injections; oral and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.   Saccharin sodium Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Sodium hydroxide-->Hydrochloric acid-->Methanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Sodium nitrite-->Ammonium hydroxide-->Chlorosulfonic acid-->Sodium hypochlorite-->Phthalic anhydride-->Tosyl chloride-->Sulfur dioxide-->Saccharin-->2-Methylbenzene-1-sulfonamide-->O-TOLUENESULFONYL CHLORIDE Preparation Products Chlorimuron-ethyl-->Piroxicam-->Sodium benzoate-->2-SULFOBENZOIC ACID MONOAMMONIUM SALT-->N-CHLOROSACCHARIN-->N-METHYLSACCHARIN