China Largest Manufacturer factory sales Lauric acid CAS 143-07-7 CAS NO.143-07-7

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Lauric acid Basic information Chemical properties Uses What Is Lauric Acid  Including Lauric Acid in Your Diet Toxicity Usage limits Medium-Chain Triglycerides Production methods Product Name: Lauric acid Synonyms: Emery651;Dodecanoic Acid(C12:0);Lauric acid 98%;yeuguisuan;Laurosteaic acid;Lauric acid 98-101 % (acidimetric);lauric acid, pure;LAURIC ACID, 99.5+% CAS: 143-07-7 MF: C12H24O2 MW: 200.32 EINECS: 205-582-1 Product Categories: Miscellaneous Natural Products;Alkylcarboxylic Acids;Biochemistry;Color Former & Related Compounds;Functional Materials;Higher Fatty Acids & Higher Alcohols;Monofunctional & alpha,omega-Bifunctional Alkanes;Monofunctional Alkanes;Saturated Higher Fatty Acids;Sensitizer;Biochemicals and Reagents;Building Blocks;C11 to C12;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Fatty Acids and conjugates;Fatty Acyls;Lipids;Organic Building Blocks;Straight Chain Fatty Acids;MES Mol File: 143-07-7.mol   Lauric acid Chemical Properties Melting point  44-46 °C (lit.) Boiling point  225 °C/100 mmHg (lit.) density  0.883 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) vapor pressure  1 mm Hg ( 121 °C) FEMA  2614 | LAURIC ACID refractive index  1.4304 Fp  >230 °F storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  4.81mg/l form  Crystalline Powder of Flakes pka pKa 4.92(H2O,t =25.0) (Uncertain) color  White Specific Gravity 0.883 explosive limit 0.6%(V) Water Solubility  insoluble λmax 207nm(MeOH)(lit.) JECFA Number 111 Merck  14,5384 BRN  1099477 Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents. InChIKey POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 143-07-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Dodecanoic acid(143-07-7) EPA Substance Registry System Lauric acid (143-07-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/38-41-36/37/38 Safety Statements  37/39-26-39-36-36/39-24/25 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  OE9800000 Autoignition Temperature 250 °C TSCA  Yes HS Code  29159010 Hazardous Substances Data 143-07-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 i.v. in mice: 131 ±5.7 mg/kg (Or, Wretlind) MSDS Information Provider Language Dodecanoic acid English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English ALFA English   Lauric acid Usage And Synthesis Chemical properties Colorless needle-like crystals. Soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and petroleum ether. Uses 1. lauric acid Used for the preparation of alkyd resins, as well as wetting agents, detergents and pesticides 2. Used for peeling vegetables and fruits with a maximum amount of 3.0g/kg. 3. Used as defoamer; GB 2760-86 provides for the spices allowed to use; used for the preparation of other food grade additives. 4. lauric acid is widely used in the surfactant industry and can be, according to the classification of surfactants, divided into cationic, anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric type. The surfactants types of dodecanoic acid are listed in the attached table of this item. Some surfactants of the derivatives of dodecanoic acid and dodecanol are also antiseptics, such as dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (geramine), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (bromo-geramine) and dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide (domiphen bromide). The dodecyldimethyllammonium-2,4,5-trichlorophenolate in these derivatives can be used as citrus preservative. Dodecanoic acid also has many applications in plastic additives, food additives, spices and pharmaceutical industries. What Is Lauric Acid Lauric acid is a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil. It’s a powerful substance that is sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin. Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that is able to fight bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and other pathogens. Because you can’t ingest lauric acid alone (it’s irritating and not found alone in nature), you’re most likely to get it in the form of coconut oil or from fresh coconuts. Though coconut oil is being studied at a breakneck pace, much of the research doesn’t pinpoint what in the oil is responsible for its reported benefits. Because coconut oil contains much more than just lauric acid, it would be a stretch to credit it with all of the coconut oil benefits. Still, a 2015 analysis suggests that many of the benefits tied to coconut oil are directly linked to lauric acid. Among the benefits, they suggest lauric acid could aid weight loss and even protect against Alzheimer’s disease. Its effects on blood cholesterol levels still need to be clarified. This research suggests that the benefits of lauric acid are due to how the body uses it. The majority of lauric acid is sent directly to the liver, where it’s converted to energy rather than stored as fat. When compared with other saturated fats, lauric acid contributes the least to fat storage. Including Lauric Acid in Your Diet Lauric acid can be taken as a supplement, but it is most commonly consumed as part of coconut oil or palm kernel oil. It is considered to be safe based on the amounts generally found in food. According to NYU Langone Medical Center, coconut and palm kernel oil contain up to 15 percent MCTs, along with a number of other fats. However, because they are still pure oil, limit your intake of MCTs to stay within the recommended 5 to 7 teaspoons of oil per day as set out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. You can use coconut and palm kernel oil for stir-fries because both oils withstand high heat. They can also be used in baking, adding a natural richness to your food. Toxicity Natural fatty acids, non-toxic. Safe for use in food products (FDA, §172.860, 2000). LD50 12 g/kg (rat, oral). Usage limits FEMA (mg/kg): soft drinks 15, cold drinks 16, candy 2.4, baked food 39, pudding class 25, oil 315. GB 2760-1996: fruit and vegetable peeling 3.0g/kg. Medium-Chain Triglycerides Medium-chain triglycerides, or fatty acids, such as lauric acid, are characterized by a specific chemical structure that allows your body to absorb them whole. This makes them more easily digestible--your body processes them as it would carbohydrates, and they are used as a source of direct energy. Compared to long-chain triglycerides, the type in other saturated fats, MCTs have fewer calories per serving, roughly 8.3 calories per gram rather than the standard 9 calories per gram, according to an article in "Nutrition Review." Production methods 1. Industrial production methods can be grouped into two categories: 1) derived from the saponification or high temperature and pressure decomposition of natural vegetable oils and fats; 2) separated from the synthetic fatty acid. Japan mainly uses coconut oil and palm kernel oil as the raw materials for the preparation of lauric acid. The natural vegetable oils used to produce dodecanoic acid include coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and mountain pepper seed oil. Other plants oil, such as palm kernel oil, tea tree seed oil and camphor tree seed oil, can also service industry to produce dodecanoic acid. The residual C12 distillate from the extraction of dodecanoic acid, containing a large number of dodecenoic acid, can be hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure, without catalyst, to convert into dodecanoic acid with a yield of more than 86%. 2. Derived from the separation and purification of coconut oil and other vegetable oil. 3. Lauric acid naturally exists in coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and pepper kernel oil in the form of glyceride. It can be derived from the hydrolysis of natural oils and fats in industry. The coconut oil, water and catalyst are added into the autoclave and hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acid at 250 ℃ under the pressure of 5MPa. The content of dodecanoic acid is 45%~80%, and can be further distilled to obtain dodecanoic acid. Description Lauric acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found at high levels in coconut oil. Lauric acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM. Description Lauric acid ( systematically: dodecanoic acid ), the saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids, is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. Chemical Properties Like many other fatty acids, lauric acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle. It is mainly used for the production of soaps and cosmetics. For these purposes, lauric acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap. Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil. These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps. Chemical Properties Lauric acid occurs as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor of bay oil. Chemical Properties white solid with a faint odour of bay oil Chemical Properties Laurie acid has a fatty odor. Chemical Properties Lauric acid has a fatty odor. It is a common constituent of most diets; large doses may produce gastrointestinal upset Occurrence Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty acid content in coconut oil, laurel oil, and in palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil) , Otherwise it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk ( 6.2 % of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1 %). Uses Intermediates of Liquid Crystals Uses Given its foaming properties, the derivatives of lauric acid (h-dodecanoic acid) are widely used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and lauryl alcohol. Lauric acid is a common constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel oil. It may have a synergistic effect in a formula to help fight against mircoorganisms. It is a mild irritant but not a sensitizer, and some sources cite it as comedogenic. Uses Lauric Acid is a fatty acid obtained from coconut oil and other veg- etable fats. it is practically insoluble in water but is soluble in alco- hol, chloroform, and ether. it functions as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent. Definition ChEBI: A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Production Methods Lauric acid is a fatty carboxylic acid isolated from vegetable and animal fats or oils. For example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil both contain high proportions of lauric acid. Isolation from natural fats and oils involves hydrolysis, separation of the fatty acids, hydrogenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids, and finally distillation of the specific fatty acid of interest. Definition A white crystalline carboxylic acid, used as a plasticizer and for making detergents and soaps. Its glycerides occur naturally in coconut and palm oils. Aroma threshold values Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: fatty, creamy, cheeselike, candle waxy with egglike richness Taste threshold values Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: waxy,fatty and oily, tallowlike, creamy and dairylike with a coating mouthfeel Synthesis Reference(s) Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 5931, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79429-9 General Description White solid with a slight odor of bay oil. Air & Water Reactions Insoluble in water. Reactivity Profile Lauric acid is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Lauric acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Lauric acid can react with oxidizing materials. Health Hazard May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Vapor or mist is irritating to eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Causes eye and skin irritation. Fire Hazard Behavior in Fire: May cause dust explosion. Pharmaceutical Applications pharmaceutical applications it has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption, rectal absorption, buccal delivery,(14) and intestinal absorption. It is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. Lauric acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations. Biochem/physiol Actions Substrate for CYP 4A11 Safety Lauric acid is widely used in cosmetic preparations, in the manufacture of food-grade additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations. General exposure to lauric acid occurs through the consumption of food and through dermal contact with cosmetics, soaps, and detergent products. Lauric acid is toxic when administered intravenously. Occupational exposure may cause local irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, although lauric acid is considered safe and nonirritating for use in cosmetics. No toxicological effects were observed when lauric acid was administered to rats at 35% of the diet for 2 years. Acute exposure tests in rabbits indicate mild irritation. After subcutaneous injection into mice, lauric acid was shown to be noncarcinogenic. LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.13 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 12 g/kg Chemical Synthesis Produced from synthetic lauryl alcohol Carcinogenicity Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in the BALB/c:CFW mouse after repeated subcutaneous injections. Lauric acid applied twice weekly for 20 weeks did not promote tumors in mice initiated with 9,10- dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. After more extended application (daily, 6 days/week, for 31 weeks), lauric acid caused an increase in skin papillomas, but no histologically malignant tumors were found. Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in rats after exposure in the diet to 35% lauric acid for 2 years. storage Lauric acid is stable at normal temperatures and should be stored in a cool, dry place. Avoid sources of ignition and contact with incompatible materials. Purification Methods Distil the acid in a vacuum. Also crystallise it from absolute EtOH, or from acetone at -25o. Alternatively, purify it via its methyl ester (b 140.0o/15mm), as described for capric acid. It has also been purified by zone melting. [cf Beilstein 1 III 2913.] Incompatibilities Lauric acid is incompatible with strong bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Lauric acid is listed as a food additive in the EAFUS list compiled by the FDA. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory.   Lauric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Coconut oil-->Black Pepper Oil-->TRANS-2-DODECENOIC ACID Preparation Products Hexanoic acid-->1-Dodecanol-->2-Chloro-4-dodecylphenol-->Decanoic acid-->N,N-Dimethyloctadecylamine-->Dodecylamine-->Molybdenum disulfide lithium-based grease-->lithium base grease-->N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine-->PENTACHLOROPHENOL DODECANOATE-->Tween series-->Dibutyltin dilaurate-->2-BROMODODECANOIC ACID-->Polyoxyethylene fatty acid-->Lauroyl chloride-->lauroamphopropyl sulfonate-->Dodecanenitrile-->Span series-->METHYL LAURATE-->laurylamide propionate JHZ-101-->Ethyl laurate-->potassium lauryl mono (or di) phosphate-->Span 20-->Dodecyl aldehyde-->lauryl glycerine stearate-->laurylamide carboxyamine propionate JHZ-102-->sodium laulyl carboxymethyl imidazoline acetate-->dodecylyl diethanol amide 1︰2 type-->BUTYL LAURATE-->Sodium lauroylsarcosinate-->lauroyl bi-ethyl alcohol acylamine 1︰1 type-->2-Tridecanone-->delta-Dodecalactone

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Lauric acid Basic information Chemical properties Uses What Is Lauric Acid  Including Lauric Acid in Your Diet Toxicity Usage limits Medium-Chain Triglycerides Production methods Product Name: Lauric acid Synonyms: Emery651;Dodecanoic Acid(C12:0);Lauric acid 98%;yeuguisuan;Laurosteaic acid;Lauric acid 98-101 % (acidimetric);lauric acid, pure;LAURIC ACID, 99.5+% CAS: 143-07-7 MF: C12H24O2 MW: 200.32 EINECS: 205-582-1 Product Categories: Miscellaneous Natural Products;Alkylcarboxylic Acids;Biochemistry;Color Former & Related Compounds;Functional Materials;Higher Fatty Acids & Higher Alcohols;Monofunctional & alpha,omega-Bifunctional Alkanes;Monofunctional Alkanes;Saturated Higher Fatty Acids;Sensitizer;Biochemicals and Reagents;Building Blocks;C11 to C12;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Fatty Acids and conjugates;Fatty Acyls;Lipids;Organic Building Blocks;Straight Chain Fatty Acids;MES Mol File: 143-07-7.mol   Lauric acid Chemical Properties Melting point  44-46 °C (lit.) Boiling point  225 °C/100 mmHg (lit.) density  0.883 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) vapor pressure  1 mm Hg ( 121 °C) FEMA  2614 | LAURIC ACID refractive index  1.4304 Fp  >230 °F storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  4.81mg/l form  Crystalline Powder of Flakes pka pKa 4.92(H2O,t =25.0) (Uncertain) color  White Specific Gravity 0.883 explosive limit 0.6%(V) Water Solubility  insoluble λmax 207nm(MeOH)(lit.) JECFA Number 111 Merck  14,5384 BRN  1099477 Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents. InChIKey POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 143-07-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Dodecanoic acid(143-07-7) EPA Substance Registry System Lauric acid (143-07-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xi Risk Statements  36/38-41-36/37/38 Safety Statements  37/39-26-39-36-36/39-24/25 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  OE9800000 Autoignition Temperature 250 °C TSCA  Yes HS Code  29159010 Hazardous Substances Data 143-07-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 i.v. in mice: 131 ±5.7 mg/kg (Or, Wretlind) MSDS Information Provider Language Dodecanoic acid English SigmaAldrich English ACROS English ALFA English   Lauric acid Usage And Synthesis Chemical properties Colorless needle-like crystals. Soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in acetone and petroleum ether. Uses 1. lauric acid Used for the preparation of alkyd resins, as well as wetting agents, detergents and pesticides 2. Used for peeling vegetables and fruits with a maximum amount of 3.0g/kg. 3. Used as defoamer; GB 2760-86 provides for the spices allowed to use; used for the preparation of other food grade additives. 4. lauric acid is widely used in the surfactant industry and can be, according to the classification of surfactants, divided into cationic, anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric type. The surfactants types of dodecanoic acid are listed in the attached table of this item. Some surfactants of the derivatives of dodecanoic acid and dodecanol are also antiseptics, such as dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (geramine), dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium bromide (bromo-geramine) and dodecyl dimethyl (2-phenoxyethyl) ammonium bromide (domiphen bromide). The dodecyldimethyllammonium-2,4,5-trichlorophenolate in these derivatives can be used as citrus preservative. Dodecanoic acid also has many applications in plastic additives, food additives, spices and pharmaceutical industries. What Is Lauric Acid Lauric acid is a medium-length long-chain fatty acid, or lipid, that makes up about half of the fatty acids within coconut oil. It’s a powerful substance that is sometimes extracted from the coconut for use in developing monolaurin. Monolaurin is an antimicrobial agent that is able to fight bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and other pathogens. Because you can’t ingest lauric acid alone (it’s irritating and not found alone in nature), you’re most likely to get it in the form of coconut oil or from fresh coconuts. Though coconut oil is being studied at a breakneck pace, much of the research doesn’t pinpoint what in the oil is responsible for its reported benefits. Because coconut oil contains much more than just lauric acid, it would be a stretch to credit it with all of the coconut oil benefits. Still, a 2015 analysis suggests that many of the benefits tied to coconut oil are directly linked to lauric acid. Among the benefits, they suggest lauric acid could aid weight loss and even protect against Alzheimer’s disease. Its effects on blood cholesterol levels still need to be clarified. This research suggests that the benefits of lauric acid are due to how the body uses it. The majority of lauric acid is sent directly to the liver, where it’s converted to energy rather than stored as fat. When compared with other saturated fats, lauric acid contributes the least to fat storage. Including Lauric Acid in Your Diet Lauric acid can be taken as a supplement, but it is most commonly consumed as part of coconut oil or palm kernel oil. It is considered to be safe based on the amounts generally found in food. According to NYU Langone Medical Center, coconut and palm kernel oil contain up to 15 percent MCTs, along with a number of other fats. However, because they are still pure oil, limit your intake of MCTs to stay within the recommended 5 to 7 teaspoons of oil per day as set out by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. You can use coconut and palm kernel oil for stir-fries because both oils withstand high heat. They can also be used in baking, adding a natural richness to your food. Toxicity Natural fatty acids, non-toxic. Safe for use in food products (FDA, §172.860, 2000). LD50 12 g/kg (rat, oral). Usage limits FEMA (mg/kg): soft drinks 15, cold drinks 16, candy 2.4, baked food 39, pudding class 25, oil 315. GB 2760-1996: fruit and vegetable peeling 3.0g/kg. Medium-Chain Triglycerides Medium-chain triglycerides, or fatty acids, such as lauric acid, are characterized by a specific chemical structure that allows your body to absorb them whole. This makes them more easily digestible--your body processes them as it would carbohydrates, and they are used as a source of direct energy. Compared to long-chain triglycerides, the type in other saturated fats, MCTs have fewer calories per serving, roughly 8.3 calories per gram rather than the standard 9 calories per gram, according to an article in "Nutrition Review." Production methods 1. Industrial production methods can be grouped into two categories: 1) derived from the saponification or high temperature and pressure decomposition of natural vegetable oils and fats; 2) separated from the synthetic fatty acid. Japan mainly uses coconut oil and palm kernel oil as the raw materials for the preparation of lauric acid. The natural vegetable oils used to produce dodecanoic acid include coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and mountain pepper seed oil. Other plants oil, such as palm kernel oil, tea tree seed oil and camphor tree seed oil, can also service industry to produce dodecanoic acid. The residual C12 distillate from the extraction of dodecanoic acid, containing a large number of dodecenoic acid, can be hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure, without catalyst, to convert into dodecanoic acid with a yield of more than 86%. 2. Derived from the separation and purification of coconut oil and other vegetable oil. 3. Lauric acid naturally exists in coconut oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, palm kernel oil and pepper kernel oil in the form of glyceride. It can be derived from the hydrolysis of natural oils and fats in industry. The coconut oil, water and catalyst are added into the autoclave and hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acid at 250 ℃ under the pressure of 5MPa. The content of dodecanoic acid is 45%~80%, and can be further distilled to obtain dodecanoic acid. Description Lauric acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found at high levels in coconut oil. Lauric acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM. Description Lauric acid ( systematically: dodecanoic acid ), the saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus falling into the medium chain fatty acids, is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. Chemical Properties Like many other fatty acids, lauric acid is inexpensive, has a long shelf-life, and is non-toxic and safe to handle. It is mainly used for the production of soaps and cosmetics. For these purposes, lauric acid is neutralized with sodium hydroxide to give sodium laurate, which is a soap. Most commonly, sodium laurate is obtained by saponification of various oils, such as coconut oil. These precursors give mixtures of sodium laurate and other soaps. Chemical Properties Lauric acid occurs as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor of bay oil. Chemical Properties white solid with a faint odour of bay oil Chemical Properties Laurie acid has a fatty odor. Chemical Properties Lauric acid has a fatty odor. It is a common constituent of most diets; large doses may produce gastrointestinal upset Occurrence Lauric acid, as a component of triglycerides, comprises about half of the fatty acid content in coconut oil, laurel oil, and in palm kernel oil (not to be confused with palm oil) , Otherwise it is relatively uncommon. It is also found in human breast milk ( 6.2 % of total fat), cow's milk (2.9%), and goat's milk (3.1 %). Uses Intermediates of Liquid Crystals Uses Given its foaming properties, the derivatives of lauric acid (h-dodecanoic acid) are widely used as a base in the manufacture of soaps, detergents, and lauryl alcohol. Lauric acid is a common constituent of vegetable fats, especially coconut oil and laurel oil. It may have a synergistic effect in a formula to help fight against mircoorganisms. It is a mild irritant but not a sensitizer, and some sources cite it as comedogenic. Uses Lauric Acid is a fatty acid obtained from coconut oil and other veg- etable fats. it is practically insoluble in water but is soluble in alco- hol, chloroform, and ether. it functions as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent. Definition ChEBI: A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Production Methods Lauric acid is a fatty carboxylic acid isolated from vegetable and animal fats or oils. For example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil both contain high proportions of lauric acid. Isolation from natural fats and oils involves hydrolysis, separation of the fatty acids, hydrogenation to convert unsaturated fatty acids to saturated acids, and finally distillation of the specific fatty acid of interest. Definition A white crystalline carboxylic acid, used as a plasticizer and for making detergents and soaps. Its glycerides occur naturally in coconut and palm oils. Aroma threshold values Aroma characteristics at 1.0%: fatty, creamy, cheeselike, candle waxy with egglike richness Taste threshold values Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: waxy,fatty and oily, tallowlike, creamy and dairylike with a coating mouthfeel Synthesis Reference(s) Tetrahedron Letters, 32, p. 5931, 1991 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)79429-9 General Description White solid with a slight odor of bay oil. Air & Water Reactions Insoluble in water. Reactivity Profile Lauric acid is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Lauric acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Lauric acid can react with oxidizing materials. Health Hazard May be harmful by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption. Vapor or mist is irritating to eyes, mucous membrane and upper respiratory tract. Causes eye and skin irritation. Fire Hazard Behavior in Fire: May cause dust explosion. Pharmaceutical Applications pharmaceutical applications it has also been examined for use as an enhancer for topical penetration and transdermal absorption, rectal absorption, buccal delivery,(14) and intestinal absorption. It is also useful for stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. Lauric acid has also been evaluated for use in aerosol formulations. Biochem/physiol Actions Substrate for CYP 4A11 Safety Lauric acid is widely used in cosmetic preparations, in the manufacture of food-grade additives, and in pharmaceutical formulations. General exposure to lauric acid occurs through the consumption of food and through dermal contact with cosmetics, soaps, and detergent products. Lauric acid is toxic when administered intravenously. Occupational exposure may cause local irritation of eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract, although lauric acid is considered safe and nonirritating for use in cosmetics. No toxicological effects were observed when lauric acid was administered to rats at 35% of the diet for 2 years. Acute exposure tests in rabbits indicate mild irritation. After subcutaneous injection into mice, lauric acid was shown to be noncarcinogenic. LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.13 g/kg LD50 (rat, oral): 12 g/kg Chemical Synthesis Produced from synthetic lauryl alcohol Carcinogenicity Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in the BALB/c:CFW mouse after repeated subcutaneous injections. Lauric acid applied twice weekly for 20 weeks did not promote tumors in mice initiated with 9,10- dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. After more extended application (daily, 6 days/week, for 31 weeks), lauric acid caused an increase in skin papillomas, but no histologically malignant tumors were found. Lauric acid was not carcinogenic in rats after exposure in the diet to 35% lauric acid for 2 years. storage Lauric acid is stable at normal temperatures and should be stored in a cool, dry place. Avoid sources of ignition and contact with incompatible materials. Purification Methods Distil the acid in a vacuum. Also crystallise it from absolute EtOH, or from acetone at -25o. Alternatively, purify it via its methyl ester (b 140.0o/15mm), as described for capric acid. It has also been purified by zone melting. [cf Beilstein 1 III 2913.] Incompatibilities Lauric acid is incompatible with strong bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Lauric acid is listed as a food additive in the EAFUS list compiled by the FDA. Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory.   Lauric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Coconut oil-->Black Pepper Oil-->TRANS-2-DODECENOIC ACID Preparation Products Hexanoic acid-->1-Dodecanol-->2-Chloro-4-dodecylphenol-->Decanoic acid-->N,N-Dimethyloctadecylamine-->Dodecylamine-->Molybdenum disulfide lithium-based grease-->lithium base grease-->N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine-->PENTACHLOROPHENOL DODECANOATE-->Tween series-->Dibutyltin dilaurate-->2-BROMODODECANOIC ACID-->Polyoxyethylene fatty acid-->Lauroyl chloride-->lauroamphopropyl sulfonate-->Dodecanenitrile-->Span series-->METHYL LAURATE-->laurylamide propionate JHZ-101-->Ethyl laurate-->potassium lauryl mono (or di) phosphate-->Span 20-->Dodecyl aldehyde-->lauryl glycerine stearate-->laurylamide carboxyamine propionate JHZ-102-->sodium laulyl carboxymethyl imidazoline acetate-->dodecylyl diethanol amide 1︰2 type-->BUTYL LAURATE-->Sodium lauroylsarcosinate-->lauroyl bi-ethyl alcohol acylamine 1︰1 type-->2-Tridecanone-->delta-Dodecalactone