China Largest Manufacturer factory sales Spectinomycin CAS 1695-77-8 for 500MT/Year CAS NO.1695-77-8

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Spectinomycin Basic information Product Name: Spectinomycin Synonyms: 4h-pyrano(2,3-b)(1,4)benzodioxin-4-one,decahydro-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-6,;8-bis(methylamino)-;actinospectacin;actinospectacina;antibiotic2233wp;espectinomicina;spectam;spectinomicina CAS: 1695-77-8 MF: C14H24N2O7 MW: 332.35 EINECS: 216-911-3 Product Categories:   Mol File: 1695-77-8.mol   Spectinomycin Chemical Properties Melting point  185 °C (decomp) alpha  D25 -20° (water) Boiling point  583.1±50.0 °C(Predicted) density  1.43±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) pka pKa1 6.95, pKa2 8.70(at 25℃) EPA Substance Registry System Spectinomycin (1695-77-8)   Safety Information MSDS Information   Spectinomycin Usage And Synthesis Description An unusual aminoglycoside antibiotic, spectinomycin is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces spectabil is and differs substantially in its clinical properties from the others. The diaminoinositol unit (spectinamine) contains two mono-N-methyl groups, and the hydroxyl between them has a stereochemistry opposite to that in streptomycin. The glycosidically attached sugar also is unusual in that it contains three consecutive carbonyl groups, either overt or masked, and is fused by two adjacent linkages to spectinamine to produce an unusual, fused, three-ring structure. Originator Trobicin,Upjohn,US,1971 Uses Analogous to streptomycin, spectinomycin binds with ribosomal 30 S subunits of microorganisms and inhibits protein synthesis; however, incorrect reading of the genetic code does not take place. Despite the broad spectrum of activity, spectinomycin is used only for gonococci infections. Other Gram-negative bacteria begin to display resistance during treatment. It is effective with respect to most strains of gonococci, as well as a number of other Gram-negative microorganisms. It is used for treating severe gonorrheal urethritis and proctitis in men, and severe gonorrheal proctitis in women, which is caused by strains of gonococci that are sensitive to the drug. Synonyms of this drug are actinospectocin, spectam, togamicin, and others. Uses Spectinomycin finds principal application in the treatment of gonorrhea. It should be noted that the antibiotic resistance among N. gonorrhoeae has caused a number of therapeutic problems. It has been found that only by escalating the antibiotic doses and using probenecid to retard the excretion of penicillin and ampicillin (the drugs of choice) has the continued effective use of penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline been possible. Even with modifications in the therapy, from 3 to 8% of cases fail to respond to the usual regimens for uncomplicated gonorrhea. Thus, the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea that fails to respond to the usual regimen is spectinomycin therapy. Uses Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic. It is used as a medicine in humans to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is also used in veterinary medicine, especially in poultry, pigs and cattle. Cases of dermatitis have been reported in veterinary practice. Definition ChEBI: An organic heterotricyclic antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. Manufacturing Process A lyophilized culture of Streptomyces spectabilis, NRRL 2792, was used to seed the following sterile agar medium on tubed slants:Tryptone 5 K2HPO4 0.5 NaCl 0.5 FeSO4 0.1 Agar 20 Deionized water to make 1 liter The slants were incubated for 7 days at 30°C, after which time sporulation was complete. The spores from the agar slants were used, in an aqueous suspension, to inoculate 100 ml of preseed medium in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The sterile preseed medium consisted of: Grams Dried whole yeast 10 Glucose 10 Pancreatic digest of 5 casein (N-Z-Amine B) Tap water to make 1 liter adjusted to pH 7.2 before sterilizing The seed flash was incubated for 24 hours at 32°C on a reciprocating shaker after which it was used as an inoculum for a 20 liter seed fermenter in the amount of approximately 5%. the 20 liter seed fermenter contained a sterile medium consisting of: Grams Glucose 15 Cornstarch 25 Distiller's solubles 15 Brewer's yeast 10 Corn steep liquor 20 Tap water to make 1 liter adjusted to pH 7.2 before sterilizing The 20 liter seed fermenter was incubated for 24 hours at 32°C and aerated at the rate of 6 standard liters or about 0.2 standard cubic feet of air per minute and agitated with a sweep stirrer. The 20 liter seed fermenter was used to inoculate 250 liters of the same medium in a 100 gallon fermentation tank. 1,200 ml of lard oil were added during the fermentation to control foaming. The tank was agitated with a propeller and aerated at the rate of 75 standard liters of air per minute. After 96 hours of fermentation the beer assayed 500 mcg/ml (18.3 mcg/mg on a dry basis) of actinospectacin. Actinospectacin is assayed by its activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae by standard agar diffusion procedure and based on crystalline actinospectacin sulfate according to US Patent 3,234,092. Therapeutic Function Antibacterial Antimicrobial activity Its activity is modest and markedly affected by medium composition and pH. It exerts only moderate activity against Gram-positive organisms. It is widely active against enterobacteria, but Providencia spp. are resistant. Anaerobic bacteria are also resistant. Of particular interest is its activity against N. gonorrhoeae, including β-lactamase-producing strains. Among other sexually acquired organisms, Ureaplasma urealyticum is susceptible, but Chlamydia trachomatis and T. pallidum are resistant. For most organisms, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is at least four times the MIC and it is regarded as essentially bacteristatic. In contrast, it is bactericidal for gonococci at concentrations close to the MIC, which is of the order of 2–16 mg/L for both penicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. Acquired resistance N. gonorrhoeae strains resistant to spectinomycin have emerged in South East Asia, the USA and the UK; the resistance of UK isolates was not attributable to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. In most countries where its use remains low the prevalence of resistance in gonorrhea is also low. Acquired resistance in enterobacteria, enterococci and staphylococci can be caused by nucleotidyltransferases that modify the drug at position 9. The enzyme from Gram-negative organisms ANT(3″) (9) also modifies streptomycin at position 3″, thus conferring cross-resistance to the two drugs. There is no enzymatic cross-resistance with 2-deoxystreptamine- containing aminoglycosides. Contact allergens Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic. It is used in human medicine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and in veterinary medicine, especially for poultry, pigs, and cattle. Cases of dermatitis have been reported in veterinary practice. Pharmacokinetics Cmax 25 mg/kg intramuscular: 60–80 mg/L after 1 h Plasma half-life: 2–3 h Volume of distribution: 10–13.4 L Plasma protein binding: <10% It is poorly absorbed on oral administration. It is almost completely excreted unchanged in the urine over 48 h, concentrations on conventional dosage reaching 1 g/L. Excretion is prolonged in renal impairment, and is unaffected by probenecid. Clinical Use Gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients or due to penicillin-resistant strains (single-dose treatment) Side effects Transient headache, dizziness, pain at the site of injection and occasional fever have been described. No evidence of ototoxicity or renal toxicity has been found in volunteers receiving doses of 2 g every 6 h for 3 weeks, amounts much in excess of those used therapeutically.   Spectinomycin Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Carbamic acid, [(2R,4aR,5aR,6S,7S,8R,9S,9aR,10aS)-decahydro-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-2H-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]benzodioxin-6,8-diyl]bis[N-methyl-, C,C'-bis(phenylmethyl) ester

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Spectinomycin Basic information Product Name: Spectinomycin Synonyms: 4h-pyrano(2,3-b)(1,4)benzodioxin-4-one,decahydro-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-6,;8-bis(methylamino)-;actinospectacin;actinospectacina;antibiotic2233wp;espectinomicina;spectam;spectinomicina CAS: 1695-77-8 MF: C14H24N2O7 MW: 332.35 EINECS: 216-911-3 Product Categories:   Mol File: 1695-77-8.mol   Spectinomycin Chemical Properties Melting point  185 °C (decomp) alpha  D25 -20° (water) Boiling point  583.1±50.0 °C(Predicted) density  1.43±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) pka pKa1 6.95, pKa2 8.70(at 25℃) EPA Substance Registry System Spectinomycin (1695-77-8)   Safety Information MSDS Information   Spectinomycin Usage And Synthesis Description An unusual aminoglycoside antibiotic, spectinomycin is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces spectabil is and differs substantially in its clinical properties from the others. The diaminoinositol unit (spectinamine) contains two mono-N-methyl groups, and the hydroxyl between them has a stereochemistry opposite to that in streptomycin. The glycosidically attached sugar also is unusual in that it contains three consecutive carbonyl groups, either overt or masked, and is fused by two adjacent linkages to spectinamine to produce an unusual, fused, three-ring structure. Originator Trobicin,Upjohn,US,1971 Uses Analogous to streptomycin, spectinomycin binds with ribosomal 30 S subunits of microorganisms and inhibits protein synthesis; however, incorrect reading of the genetic code does not take place. Despite the broad spectrum of activity, spectinomycin is used only for gonococci infections. Other Gram-negative bacteria begin to display resistance during treatment. It is effective with respect to most strains of gonococci, as well as a number of other Gram-negative microorganisms. It is used for treating severe gonorrheal urethritis and proctitis in men, and severe gonorrheal proctitis in women, which is caused by strains of gonococci that are sensitive to the drug. Synonyms of this drug are actinospectocin, spectam, togamicin, and others. Uses Spectinomycin finds principal application in the treatment of gonorrhea. It should be noted that the antibiotic resistance among N. gonorrhoeae has caused a number of therapeutic problems. It has been found that only by escalating the antibiotic doses and using probenecid to retard the excretion of penicillin and ampicillin (the drugs of choice) has the continued effective use of penicillin, ampicillin, and tetracycline been possible. Even with modifications in the therapy, from 3 to 8% of cases fail to respond to the usual regimens for uncomplicated gonorrhea. Thus, the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea that fails to respond to the usual regimen is spectinomycin therapy. Uses Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic. It is used as a medicine in humans to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is also used in veterinary medicine, especially in poultry, pigs and cattle. Cases of dermatitis have been reported in veterinary practice. Definition ChEBI: An organic heterotricyclic antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. Manufacturing Process A lyophilized culture of Streptomyces spectabilis, NRRL 2792, was used to seed the following sterile agar medium on tubed slants:Tryptone 5 K2HPO4 0.5 NaCl 0.5 FeSO4 0.1 Agar 20 Deionized water to make 1 liter The slants were incubated for 7 days at 30°C, after which time sporulation was complete. The spores from the agar slants were used, in an aqueous suspension, to inoculate 100 ml of preseed medium in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The sterile preseed medium consisted of: Grams Dried whole yeast 10 Glucose 10 Pancreatic digest of 5 casein (N-Z-Amine B) Tap water to make 1 liter adjusted to pH 7.2 before sterilizing The seed flash was incubated for 24 hours at 32°C on a reciprocating shaker after which it was used as an inoculum for a 20 liter seed fermenter in the amount of approximately 5%. the 20 liter seed fermenter contained a sterile medium consisting of: Grams Glucose 15 Cornstarch 25 Distiller's solubles 15 Brewer's yeast 10 Corn steep liquor 20 Tap water to make 1 liter adjusted to pH 7.2 before sterilizing The 20 liter seed fermenter was incubated for 24 hours at 32°C and aerated at the rate of 6 standard liters or about 0.2 standard cubic feet of air per minute and agitated with a sweep stirrer. The 20 liter seed fermenter was used to inoculate 250 liters of the same medium in a 100 gallon fermentation tank. 1,200 ml of lard oil were added during the fermentation to control foaming. The tank was agitated with a propeller and aerated at the rate of 75 standard liters of air per minute. After 96 hours of fermentation the beer assayed 500 mcg/ml (18.3 mcg/mg on a dry basis) of actinospectacin. Actinospectacin is assayed by its activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae by standard agar diffusion procedure and based on crystalline actinospectacin sulfate according to US Patent 3,234,092. Therapeutic Function Antibacterial Antimicrobial activity Its activity is modest and markedly affected by medium composition and pH. It exerts only moderate activity against Gram-positive organisms. It is widely active against enterobacteria, but Providencia spp. are resistant. Anaerobic bacteria are also resistant. Of particular interest is its activity against N. gonorrhoeae, including β-lactamase-producing strains. Among other sexually acquired organisms, Ureaplasma urealyticum is susceptible, but Chlamydia trachomatis and T. pallidum are resistant. For most organisms, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is at least four times the MIC and it is regarded as essentially bacteristatic. In contrast, it is bactericidal for gonococci at concentrations close to the MIC, which is of the order of 2–16 mg/L for both penicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. Acquired resistance N. gonorrhoeae strains resistant to spectinomycin have emerged in South East Asia, the USA and the UK; the resistance of UK isolates was not attributable to aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. In most countries where its use remains low the prevalence of resistance in gonorrhea is also low. Acquired resistance in enterobacteria, enterococci and staphylococci can be caused by nucleotidyltransferases that modify the drug at position 9. The enzyme from Gram-negative organisms ANT(3″) (9) also modifies streptomycin at position 3″, thus conferring cross-resistance to the two drugs. There is no enzymatic cross-resistance with 2-deoxystreptamine- containing aminoglycosides. Contact allergens Spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic. It is used in human medicine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and in veterinary medicine, especially for poultry, pigs, and cattle. Cases of dermatitis have been reported in veterinary practice. Pharmacokinetics Cmax 25 mg/kg intramuscular: 60–80 mg/L after 1 h Plasma half-life: 2–3 h Volume of distribution: 10–13.4 L Plasma protein binding: <10% It is poorly absorbed on oral administration. It is almost completely excreted unchanged in the urine over 48 h, concentrations on conventional dosage reaching 1 g/L. Excretion is prolonged in renal impairment, and is unaffected by probenecid. Clinical Use Gonorrhea in penicillin-allergic patients or due to penicillin-resistant strains (single-dose treatment) Side effects Transient headache, dizziness, pain at the site of injection and occasional fever have been described. No evidence of ototoxicity or renal toxicity has been found in volunteers receiving doses of 2 g every 6 h for 3 weeks, amounts much in excess of those used therapeutically.   Spectinomycin Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Carbamic acid, [(2R,4aR,5aR,6S,7S,8R,9S,9aR,10aS)-decahydro-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-2H-pyrano[2,3-b][1,4]benzodioxin-6,8-diyl]bis[N-methyl-, C,C'-bis(phenylmethyl) ester