China Largest Manufacturer factory sales DL-APPLE ACID/DL-MALIC ACID CAS 6915-15-7 CAS NO.6915-15-7

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Malic acid Basic information Product Name: Malic acid Synonyms: alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid;alpha-hydroxysuccinicacid;Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-;commonmalicacid;Deoxytetraric acid;deoxytetraricacid;femanumber2655;hydroxy-butanedioicaci CAS: 6915-15-7 MF: C4H6O5 MW: 134.09 EINECS: 230-022-8 Product Categories: Building Blocks;C1 to C5;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks;Food & Flavor Additives;Aliphatics;Chiral Reagents;Isotope Labelled Compounds;Food additive;6915-15-7 Mol File: 6915-15-7.mol   Malic acid Chemical Properties Melting point  131-133 °C (lit.) alpha  [α]D20 -0.5～+0.5° (c=5, H2O) Boiling point  167.16°C (rough estimate) density  1.609 vapor density  4.6 (vs air) vapor pressure  <0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) refractive index  1.3920 (estimate) Fp  203 °C storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless pka 3.4(at 25℃) form  neat PH 3.33(1 mM solution);2.74(10 mM solution);2.21(100 mM solution); optical activity [α]/D 0.10 to +0.10° Water Solubility  558 g/L (20 ºC) Merck  14,5707 BRN  1723539 CAS DataBase Reference 6915-15-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Hydroxybutanedioic acid(6915-15-7) EPA Substance Registry System Malic acid (6915-15-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn,Xi Risk Statements  22-37/38-41-36/37/38-42/43-34 Safety Statements  26-39-37/39-36-36/39 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  ON7175000 Autoignition Temperature 644 °F TSCA  Yes HS Code  29181980 Hazardous Substances Data 6915-15-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 3200 mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid English ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Malic acid Usage And Synthesis Chemical Properties White or nearly white, crystalline powder or granules having a slight odor and a strongly acidic taste. It is hygroscopic. The synthetic material produced commercially in Europe and the USA is a racemic mixture, whereas the naturally occurring material found in apples and many other fruits and plants is levorotatory. Uses Malic Acid is an acidulant that is the predominant acid in apples. it exists as white crystalline powder or granules and is considered hygroscopic. as compared to citric acid, it is slightly less soluble but is still readily soluble in water with a solubility of 132 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a stronger apparent acid taste and has a longer taste retention than citric acid which peaks faster but does not mask the aftertaste as effectively. a quantity of 0.362–0.408 kg of malic acid is equivalent to 0.453 kg of citric acid and to 0.272–0.317 kg of fumaric acid in tartness. at temperatures above 150°c it begins to lose water very slowly to yield fumaric acid. it is used in soft drinks, dry-mix beverages, puddings, jellies, and fruit filling. it is used in hard can- dies because it has a lower melting point (129°c) than citric acid which improves the ease of incorporation. Uses Malic acid, HOOCCH(OH).CH2COOH, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid, is a colorless solid. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Malic acid exists in two optically active forms and a racemic mixture. It is used in medicine and found in apples and other fruits. The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants. Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives. Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid rece Uses malic acid is the third smallest alpha hydroxy acid in terms of molecular size. Although it is used in numerous cosmetic products, particularly those indicating a “fruit acid” content and generally designed for anti-aging, unlike glycolic and lactic acids, its skin benefits have not been extensively studied. Some formulators consider it difficult to work with, particularly when compared to other AHAs, and it can be somewhat irritating. It is rarely used as the only AHA in a product. It is found naturally occurring in apples. Definition ChEBI: Malic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate. Production Methods Malic acid is manufactured by hydrating maleic and fumaric acids in the presence of suitable catalysts. The malic acid formed is then separated from the equilibrium product mixture. Biotechnological Production DL-malic acid as well as L-malic acid can be used in beverage, food, and animal nutrition. DL-malic acid is mainly derived from chemical synthesis, whereas L-malic acid is produced biotechnologically by enzymatic or fermentative processes. Fumaric acid can be converted to L-malic acid using fumarases. Different microorganisms (e.g. Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterum ammoniagenes, and Corynebacterium species) are able to form naturally high amounts of fumarase intracellularly. For example, B. flavum has been immobilized in j-carrageenan and polyethyleneimine for whole-cell biocatalysis. A fumarase activity of 2.16 mmol.ml(gel)-1.h -1 at 55 C has been reported. This process has been used to produce 30 metric tons of L-malic acid per month in a continuous process with a 1,000 L column fed at a flow rate of 450 L.h-1 of 1 M sodium fumarate solution. Genetic engineering has been used to improve productivity, by which S. cerevisiae is modified to overexpress fumarase. With this method, a conversion rate of 65 mmol.g-1.h -1 has been observed. Another possibility is the cultivation of an L-malic acid forming microorganism (e.g. Aspergillus flavus or Schizophyllum commune). The best results have been achieved by cultivation of A. flavus on glucose.Afinal product concentration of 113 g.L-1 with a yield of 1.26 mol of malic acid per mole of glucose and a productivity of 0.59 g.L-1.h-1 has been measured. Moreover, new biotechnological routes have been described using metabolically engineered S. cereviciae. In batch cultivations, concentrations up to 59 g.L-1 with a yield of 0.42 mol of malic acid per mole of glucose and a productivity of 0.19 g.L-1.h-1 have been observed. General Description The chiral resolution of DL-malic acid by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis was studied. Pharmaceutical Applications Malic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a generalpurpose acidulant. It possesses a slight apple flavor and is used as a flavoring agent to mask bitter tastes and provide tartness. Malic acid is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth-cleaning tablets. In addition, malic acid has chelating and antioxidant properties. It may be used with butylated hydroxytoluene as a synergist in order to retard oxidation in vegetable oils. In food products it may be used in concentrations up to 420 ppm. Therapeutically, malic acid has been used topically in combination with benzoic acid and salicylic acid to treat burns, ulcers, and wounds. It has also been used orally and parenterally, either intravenously or intramuscularly, in the treatment of liver disorders, and as a sialagogue. Biochem/physiol Actions Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and an important regulatory metabolite. It has been implicated in process of fruit ripening. Malic acid is important for the starch metabolism; low malic acid content results in transient accumulation of starch. Mitochondrial-malate metabolism modulates ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity and redox status of plastids. Mechanism of action Malic acid is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract from whence it is transported via the portal circulation to the liver. There are a few enzymes that metabolize malic acid. Malic enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate with concomitant reduction of the cofactor NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or NADP+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). These reactions require the divalent cations magnesium or manganese. Three isoforms of malic enzyme have been identified in mammals: a cytosolic NADP+-dependent malic enzyme, a mitochondrial NADP+- dependent malic enzyme and a mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme. The latter can use either NAD+ or NADP+ as the cofactor but prefers NAD+. Pyruvate formed from malate can itself be metabolized in a number of ways, including metabolism via a number of metabolic steps to glucose. Malate can also be metabolized to oxaloacetate via the citric acid cycle. The mitochondrial malic enzyme, particularly in brain cells may play a key role in the pyruvate recycling pathway, which utilizes dicarboxylic acids and substrates, such as glutamine, to provide pyruvate to maintain the citric acid cycle activity when glucose and lactate are low. Safety Profile A poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin and severe eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Safety Malic acid is used in oral, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations in addition to food products, and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, concentrated solutions may be irritant. LD50 (rat, oral): 1.6 g/kg(3) LD50 (rat, IP): 0.1 g/kg storage Malic acid is stable at temperatures up to 150°C. At temperatures above 150°C it begins to lose water very slowly to yield fumaric acid; complete decomposition occurs at about 180°C to give fumaric acid and maleic anhydride. Malic acid is readily degraded by many aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Conditions of high humidity and elevated temperatures should be avoided to prevent caking. The effects of grinding and humidity on malic acid have also been investigated. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place. Purification Methods Crystallise the acid from acetone, then from acetone/CCl4, or from ethyl acetate by adding pet ether (b 60-70o). Dry it at 35o under 1mm pressure to avoid formation of the anhydride. [Beilstein 3 IV 1124.] Incompatibilities Malic acid can react with oxidizing materials. Aqueous solutions are mildly corrosive to carbon steels. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Both the racemic mixture and the levorotatory isomer are accepted as food additives in Europe. The DL and L forms are included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.   Malic acid Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Maleic acid Preparation Products 7-FLUORO-[1,8]NAPHTHYRIDIN-2-OL-->Coumalic acid

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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Malic acid Basic information Product Name: Malic acid Synonyms: alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid;alpha-hydroxysuccinicacid;Butanedioic acid, hydroxy-;commonmalicacid;Deoxytetraric acid;deoxytetraricacid;femanumber2655;hydroxy-butanedioicaci CAS: 6915-15-7 MF: C4H6O5 MW: 134.09 EINECS: 230-022-8 Product Categories: Building Blocks;C1 to C5;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acids;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks;Food & Flavor Additives;Aliphatics;Chiral Reagents;Isotope Labelled Compounds;Food additive;6915-15-7 Mol File: 6915-15-7.mol   Malic acid Chemical Properties Melting point  131-133 °C (lit.) alpha  [α]D20 -0.5～+0.5° (c=5, H2O) Boiling point  167.16°C (rough estimate) density  1.609 vapor density  4.6 (vs air) vapor pressure  <0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C) refractive index  1.3920 (estimate) Fp  203 °C storage temp.  2-8°C solubility  methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless pka 3.4(at 25℃) form  neat PH 3.33(1 mM solution);2.74(10 mM solution);2.21(100 mM solution); optical activity [α]/D 0.10 to +0.10° Water Solubility  558 g/L (20 ºC) Merck  14,5707 BRN  1723539 CAS DataBase Reference 6915-15-7(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Hydroxybutanedioic acid(6915-15-7) EPA Substance Registry System Malic acid (6915-15-7)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn,Xi Risk Statements  22-37/38-41-36/37/38-42/43-34 Safety Statements  26-39-37/39-36-36/39 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  ON7175000 Autoignition Temperature 644 °F TSCA  Yes HS Code  29181980 Hazardous Substances Data 6915-15-7(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 3200 mg/kg MSDS Information Provider Language DL-Hydroxybutanedioic acid English ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Malic acid Usage And Synthesis Chemical Properties White or nearly white, crystalline powder or granules having a slight odor and a strongly acidic taste. It is hygroscopic. The synthetic material produced commercially in Europe and the USA is a racemic mixture, whereas the naturally occurring material found in apples and many other fruits and plants is levorotatory. Uses Malic Acid is an acidulant that is the predominant acid in apples. it exists as white crystalline powder or granules and is considered hygroscopic. as compared to citric acid, it is slightly less soluble but is still readily soluble in water with a solubility of 132 g/100 ml at 20°c. it has a stronger apparent acid taste and has a longer taste retention than citric acid which peaks faster but does not mask the aftertaste as effectively. a quantity of 0.362–0.408 kg of malic acid is equivalent to 0.453 kg of citric acid and to 0.272–0.317 kg of fumaric acid in tartness. at temperatures above 150°c it begins to lose water very slowly to yield fumaric acid. it is used in soft drinks, dry-mix beverages, puddings, jellies, and fruit filling. it is used in hard can- dies because it has a lower melting point (129°c) than citric acid which improves the ease of incorporation. Uses Malic acid, HOOCCH(OH).CH2COOH, also known as hydroxysuccinic acid, is a colorless solid. It is soluble in water and alcohol. Malic acid exists in two optically active forms and a racemic mixture. It is used in medicine and found in apples and other fruits. The naturally occuring isomer is the L-form which has been found in apples and many other fruits and plants. Selective α-amino protecting reagent for amino acid derivatives. Versatile synthon for the preparation of chiral compounds including κ-opioid rece Uses malic acid is the third smallest alpha hydroxy acid in terms of molecular size. Although it is used in numerous cosmetic products, particularly those indicating a “fruit acid” content and generally designed for anti-aging, unlike glycolic and lactic acids, its skin benefits have not been extensively studied. Some formulators consider it difficult to work with, particularly when compared to other AHAs, and it can be somewhat irritating. It is rarely used as the only AHA in a product. It is found naturally occurring in apples. Definition ChEBI: Malic acid is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a food acidity regulator and a fundamental metabolite. It is a 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a malate(2-) and a malate. Production Methods Malic acid is manufactured by hydrating maleic and fumaric acids in the presence of suitable catalysts. The malic acid formed is then separated from the equilibrium product mixture. Biotechnological Production DL-malic acid as well as L-malic acid can be used in beverage, food, and animal nutrition. DL-malic acid is mainly derived from chemical synthesis, whereas L-malic acid is produced biotechnologically by enzymatic or fermentative processes. Fumaric acid can be converted to L-malic acid using fumarases. Different microorganisms (e.g. Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterum ammoniagenes, and Corynebacterium species) are able to form naturally high amounts of fumarase intracellularly. For example, B. flavum has been immobilized in j-carrageenan and polyethyleneimine for whole-cell biocatalysis. A fumarase activity of 2.16 mmol.ml(gel)-1.h -1 at 55 C has been reported. This process has been used to produce 30 metric tons of L-malic acid per month in a continuous process with a 1,000 L column fed at a flow rate of 450 L.h-1 of 1 M sodium fumarate solution. Genetic engineering has been used to improve productivity, by which S. cerevisiae is modified to overexpress fumarase. With this method, a conversion rate of 65 mmol.g-1.h -1 has been observed. Another possibility is the cultivation of an L-malic acid forming microorganism (e.g. Aspergillus flavus or Schizophyllum commune). The best results have been achieved by cultivation of A. flavus on glucose.Afinal product concentration of 113 g.L-1 with a yield of 1.26 mol of malic acid per mole of glucose and a productivity of 0.59 g.L-1.h-1 has been measured. Moreover, new biotechnological routes have been described using metabolically engineered S. cereviciae. In batch cultivations, concentrations up to 59 g.L-1 with a yield of 0.42 mol of malic acid per mole of glucose and a productivity of 0.19 g.L-1.h-1 have been observed. General Description The chiral resolution of DL-malic acid by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis was studied. Pharmaceutical Applications Malic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a generalpurpose acidulant. It possesses a slight apple flavor and is used as a flavoring agent to mask bitter tastes and provide tartness. Malic acid is also used as an alternative to citric acid in effervescent powders, mouthwashes, and tooth-cleaning tablets. In addition, malic acid has chelating and antioxidant properties. It may be used with butylated hydroxytoluene as a synergist in order to retard oxidation in vegetable oils. In food products it may be used in concentrations up to 420 ppm. Therapeutically, malic acid has been used topically in combination with benzoic acid and salicylic acid to treat burns, ulcers, and wounds. It has also been used orally and parenterally, either intravenously or intramuscularly, in the treatment of liver disorders, and as a sialagogue. Biochem/physiol Actions Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and an important regulatory metabolite. It has been implicated in process of fruit ripening. Malic acid is important for the starch metabolism; low malic acid content results in transient accumulation of starch. Mitochondrial-malate metabolism modulates ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity and redox status of plastids. Mechanism of action Malic acid is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract from whence it is transported via the portal circulation to the liver. There are a few enzymes that metabolize malic acid. Malic enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate with concomitant reduction of the cofactor NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or NADP+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). These reactions require the divalent cations magnesium or manganese. Three isoforms of malic enzyme have been identified in mammals: a cytosolic NADP+-dependent malic enzyme, a mitochondrial NADP+- dependent malic enzyme and a mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme. The latter can use either NAD+ or NADP+ as the cofactor but prefers NAD+. Pyruvate formed from malate can itself be metabolized in a number of ways, including metabolism via a number of metabolic steps to glucose. Malate can also be metabolized to oxaloacetate via the citric acid cycle. The mitochondrial malic enzyme, particularly in brain cells may play a key role in the pyruvate recycling pathway, which utilizes dicarboxylic acids and substrates, such as glutamine, to provide pyruvate to maintain the citric acid cycle activity when glucose and lactate are low. Safety Profile A poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin and severe eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Safety Malic acid is used in oral, topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations in addition to food products, and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, concentrated solutions may be irritant. LD50 (rat, oral): 1.6 g/kg(3) LD50 (rat, IP): 0.1 g/kg storage Malic acid is stable at temperatures up to 150°C. At temperatures above 150°C it begins to lose water very slowly to yield fumaric acid; complete decomposition occurs at about 180°C to give fumaric acid and maleic anhydride. Malic acid is readily degraded by many aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Conditions of high humidity and elevated temperatures should be avoided to prevent caking. The effects of grinding and humidity on malic acid have also been investigated. The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, in a cool, dry place. Purification Methods Crystallise the acid from acetone, then from acetone/CCl4, or from ethyl acetate by adding pet ether (b 60-70o). Dry it at 35o under 1mm pressure to avoid formation of the anhydride. [Beilstein 3 IV 1124.] Incompatibilities Malic acid can react with oxidizing materials. Aqueous solutions are mildly corrosive to carbon steels. Regulatory Status GRAS listed. Both the racemic mixture and the levorotatory isomer are accepted as food additives in Europe. The DL and L forms are included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal Ingredients.   Malic acid Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials Maleic acid Preparation Products 7-FLUORO-[1,8]NAPHTHYRIDIN-2-OL-->Coumalic acid